ABSTRACT Background Olfactory communication in cats is of major importance. It is rather complex and includes pheromone-driven and classical odour-based communication. Cats use various marking behaviours to transmit pheromone signals: appeasing markings that have a calming effect and alarm markings that can exacerbate stress. On the other hand, classical odours could possibly complete, modify, ...

Bunium is one of the interested genus that grow in different region Iraq, it within family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae), and species this have a considerable fruit characteristics. The were chosen study are: B. brachyactis (Post) H. Wolff, caroides (Boiss.) Hausskn. Ex Bornm., chaerophylloides (Regel& Schmalh.) Drude, rectangulum Boiss. & Hausskn., verruculosum C.C.Towns. avromanum (Boiss.&a...

In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv., Centaurium erythraea Rafn subsp. turcicum (Velen.) Melderis, Prunella vulgaris L., Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl., Chrysophthalmum montanum (DC) Boiss. and Jurinea ancyrensis Bornm., were investigated. The antimicrobial activity were evaluated according to the disk diffusion method by using Bacillus megaterium DMS 3...