A propositionalization of a theory in First-Order Logic (FOL) is a set of propositional sentences that is satisfiable iff the original theory is satisfiable. We cannot translate arbitrary FOL theories to propositional logic because FOL is only semi-decidable. However, when possible, it is often advantageous to do so because we can use optimized, efficient SAT solvers (e.g. [Moskewicz et al., 20...

The vascular wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is an important soil borne pathogen causes severe yield loss. The molecular characterization and their interaction with its host is necessary to develop a protection strategy. 20 isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) were isolated from wilt infected tomato plants across Tamil Nadu. They were subjected to cultu...

Quiescent muscle stem cells (MSCs) become activated in response to skeletal muscle injury to initiate regeneration. Activated MSCs proliferate and differentiate to repair damaged fibers or self-renew to maintain the pool and ensure future regeneration. The balance between self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation is a tightly regulated process controlled by a genetic cascade involving de...

In this paper we considered the extension of the First-order Logic (FOL) by Bealer’s intensional abstraction operator. Contemporary use of the term ’intension’ derives from the traditional logical Frege-Russell’s doctrine that an idea (logic formula) has both an extension and an intension. Although there is divergence in formulation, it is accepted that the extension of an idea consists of the ...

The meaning of concepts and views defined over a database ontology can be considered as intensional objects which have a particular extension in a given possible world: for instance in the actual world. Thus, non invasive mapping between completely independent peer databases in a P2P systems can be naturally specified by the set of couples of views, which have the same meaning (intension), over...

The FOLtoCF system is an interactive web-based system for learning to convert first order logic (FOL) formulas into Clause Form (CF). FOL to CF conversion is a fundamental part of using FOL for making inferences. In this paper, we present two tutor assistant tools integrated with that system. The first, called tutoring manager, helps the tutor to manage the teaching material and monitor the pro...

Purpose: This article describes the preparation and characterization of folate conjugated nanoparticles using poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-folate (PLGA-PEG-FOL) polymer for targeted delivery of anticancer agents. Methods: PLGA-PEG-FOL was synthesized by coupling di-block copolymer (PLGA-PEG-NH2) with folic acid. PLGA-PEG-FOL polymer was characterized by 1H NMR, GPC and FTIR....

Tolerance representation models are used to specify tolerance types and explain semantics of tolerances for nominal geometry parts. To well explain semantics of geometrical tolerances, a representation model of geometrical tolerances based on First Order Logic (FOL) is presented in this paper. We first investigate the classifications of feature variations and give the FOL representations of the...

This paper presents a Logic Programming approach to parsing and production in Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG) [13]. It builds on previous work on the formalisation of FCG in terms of First Order Logic (FOL) concepts, more specifically on the definition of its core inference operations, unification and merge, in terms of FOL unification and search in the space of a particular set of FOL terms c...