Contemporary use of the term ’intension’ derives from the traditional logical Frege-Russell’s doctrine that an idea (logic formula) has both an extension and an intension. Although there is divergence in formulation, it is accepted that the extension of an idea consists of the subjects to which the idea applies, and the intension consists of the attributes implied by the idea. From the Montague...

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of fiber-optic laryngoscopy (FOL) on the weaning process from mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients with a positive cuff leak test (CLT) as compared with the current recommended strategy based on corticosteroids.In this prospective observational pilot study conducted over a 1-year period in a 15-bed ICU, CLT was systematically per...

First order logic (FOL) rewritability is a desirable feature for query answering over geo-thematic ontologies because in most geoprocessing scenarios one has to cope with large data volume. Hence, there is a need for combined geo-thematic logics that provide a sufficiently expressive query language allowing for FOL rewritability. The DL-Lite family of description logics is tailored towards FOL ...

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is the most consumed vegetable in world after potato. In Cameroon, plant cultivated almost all agroecological areas, however, yields remain low due to attacks by various pathogens and insects. Among pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for wilt, disease enormous economic losses. To contribute control of...

Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is a powerful representation often used to formulate decision-making problems under uncertainty. However, it lacks a natural mechanism to reason about objects, classes of objects, and relations. First-order logic (FOL), on the other hand, excels at reasoning about classes of objects, but lacks a rich representation of uncertainty. While representing propo...

The dihydrofolate reductase (fol) gene in Escherichia coli has been deleted and replaced by a selectable marker. Verification of the delta fol::kan strain has been accomplished using genetic and biochemical criteria, including Southern analysis of the chromosomal DNA. The delta fol::kan mutation is stable in E. coli K549 [thyA polA12 (Ts)] and can be successfully transduced to other E. coli str...

Studies of the expression of Escherichia coli fol alleles in Salmonella typhimurium indicated that fol regulatory functions are highly conserved between these bacterial species.

As a versatile and valuable intermediate, furfuryl alcohol (FOL) has been widely used in manufacturing resins, vitamin C, perfumes, lubricants, plasticizers, fuel additives, biofuels, other furan-based chemicals. This work developed an efficient hybrid strategy for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass to FOL. Corncob (75 g/L) was catalyzed with heterogenous catalyst Sn-SSXR (2 wt%) gener...

A strain of Escherichia coli with the fol gene deleted and a kan gene inserted in its place was created for use in cloning and isolation of mutant dihydrofolate reductase. Southern blot analysis and dihydrofolate reductase enzyme assays confirmed the delta fol::kan genotype. A thyA mutation accompanied the fol deletion and is required for survival of a dihydrofolate reductase-deficient strain.

We propose a general query optimization framework for formalisms enjoying FOL reducibility of query answering, for which it reduces to the evaluation of a FOL query against facts. This framework allows searching within a set of alternative equivalent FOL queries, i.e., FOL reformulations, one with minimal evaluation cost when evaluated through a relational database management system. We provide...