BACKGROUND Most of the 48 million annual deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) occur without medical attention at the time of death so that the causes of death (COD) are largely unknown. A review of low-cost methods of obtaining nationally representative COD data is timely. DISCUSSION Despite clear historic evidence of their usefulness, most LMICs lack reliable nationally represe...

Activities of citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) and the electron transport system (ETS) were investigated in white muscle and liver of laboratory-maintained cod, Gadus morhua, from the North Sea, Norwegian coast and Barents Sea for an analysis of temperature acclimation and adaptation in aerobic metabolism. Cold acclimation within each population led to elevated activities of CS...

The reactivity of metal olefin complexes with non-innocent ligands (NILs) was examined. Treatment of PtCl(2)(diene) with the deprotonated catechol or aminophenol ligands afforded the corresponding Pt(NIL)(diene) complexes. The Pt((t)BA(F)Ph)(COD), Pt((t)BA(F)Ph)(nbd), and Pt(O(2)C(6)H(2)(t)Bu(2))(COD) (H(2)(t)BA(F)Ph = 2-(2-trifluoromethyl)anilino-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol, H(2)O(2)C(6)H(2)(t)Bu(...

Throughout the 1980s, reproductive success of the top-predator cod declined and stock sizes of the main prey species herring and especially sprat, important planktivorous predators in the system, increased substantially. Although the hydrographic conditions conducive for survival of early life stages improved during the 1990s, recruitment success of cod remained far below average. As clupeids h...

A photocatalytic reactor with UV/TiO2 was used for the posttreatment of olive mill wastewater after anaerobic digestion. A factorial experimental design was adopted to determine the statistical significance of each parameter tested, namely, initial chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, treatment time and recirculation flow and possible interactions in three response variables: phenols, color and CO...

Understanding how combinations of fishing effort and selectivity affect productivity is central to fisheries research. We investigate the roles of fishing regulation in comparison with ecosystem status for Baltic Sea cod stock productivity, growth performance, and population stability. This case study is interesting because three cod populations with different exploitation patterns and stock st...

BACKGROUND Anaerobic treatment methods are more suitable for the treatment of concentrated wastewater streams, offer lower operating costs, the production of usable biogas product. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR)-Aerobic Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR) in series arrangement to treat Currant wastewater. METHODS The bed materia...

The North Sea has warmed in recent years and there is an ongoing debate into how this is affecting the distribution of fishes and other marine organisms. Of particular interest is the commercially important Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), which has declined sharply in abundance in the North Sea over the past 20 years. Observations of the temperature experienced by 129 individual cod throughout ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of various types of improper cause-of-death (COD) statements reported on death certificates and whether the frequency differed by specialty of the certifying physician. DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING 2 medical centres in Tainan, Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2520 death certificates issued by 230 physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ...