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ـ ـــ This paper presents the quality model of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems by adapting the ISO9126 standard. This model is used to verify that whether the implementation of ERP systems will succeed or fail in higher educational institutions. Six quality characteristics are suggested to be minimum requirements for creating the quality model of ERP systems, including functionality,...

ــ ـ ـ The wireless sensor networks suffer from the problem of energy consumption, so it has been used several protocols to avoid this problem, the best of these protocols is a LEACH protocol which works to reduce the energy consumption of the network. On the other hand, LEACH protocol suffers from the problems of accelerated the dead nodes as well as the short duration of the network lifetime....