conclusions our findings did not support the effect of cigarette smoking on spt reactivity to pollen and weeds aeroallergens. however, male were significantly more sensitive than female in terms of sensitivity to some allergens. results the results of this study indicated that 41.4% of patients with allergic rhinitis was smoker with ages ranged from 15 to 70 years. the result of this study also...

background: smoking is one of the preventable causes of diseases as well as early deaths all around the world. in addition, conducting educational interventions plays a major role in preventing adolescents from smoking. therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on preventing shirazi students from smoking. met...

purpose this study aimed to assess the rate of tobacco consumption among professional athletes in iran and assessing their knowledge and attitude in this regard. methods a total of 738 athletes from 10 different types of sports were evaluated. athletes were all members of the priority leagues. after obtaining consent from the physical education organization and coordination with the related fed...

introduction: melanin pigmentation in the oral mucosa occurs as a result of several reasons one of which is smoking. cigarette smoke induces numerous side effects in the people who do not smoke, but are in the same environment. the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of parental smoking on pigmentation of their children's oral mucosa. materials and methods: this study was carried out as ...

objective(s) the primary objective of this study was to determine whether local and imported cigarette brands used in iran, have elevated levels of metals or not. the produced data of cigarette brands are compared both with each other and with the existing brands in different countries. materials and methods in present study, nineteen various cigarettes brands were randomly purchased from the c...

buerger's disease is an occlusive inflammatory disease of the small and medium-sized arteries and accounts for a variable proportion of patients with peripheral vascular disease throughout the world. the aim of this study was to review the records of buerger's disease patients admitted to surgery wards of our university hospitals. 277 patients with buerger's disease were surgically treated betw...

introduction: majority of media users are teenagers which has deeply potential impact either positive or negative on cognitive, social and behavioral and also development of children and adolescent. there is a strong positive correlation between the onset of smoking in adolescents and young adults, and exposure to media and movies which shown consumption of smoking. therefore, the aim of this s...

introduction: as far as application of chemicals as disinfectants may have side effects on human health and causes drug resistance, the topic of herbal and natural products has been investigated in recent researches. nevertheless, application of medicinal smokes in the treatment of many diseases, including bacterial and infectious diseases has long been popular in iran. smoke from the burning o...

aim and background: smoking and drugs are considered are among the most common causes of early mortality in developing and developed countries. health professionals believe that university period has special characteristics and is of high importance in prevention of smoking among young adults. in this study, we examined with the relations between smoking and psychological and demographic variab...