QUESTION If a mother takes a sedating drug during breastfeeding, will it cause central nervous system (CNS) depression in her breastfed baby? ANSWER In some cases (eg, with the use of codeine or oxycodone) sedating drugs will likely cause CNS depression in breastfed infants and in other cases (eg, with the use of benzodiazepines) they will likely not. Mothers using sedating drugs should monit...

Recent population-based longitudinal studies concluded that most adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms would not have a childhood history of ADHD, leading to the concept of adult-onset ADHD. In a large, well-characterized clinical population of 446 adults with a primary complaint of ADHD, we reported a low frequency of adult-onset ADHD (6.9%), being a primary isol...

PURPOSE To explore the frequency of polypharmacy, functional and cognitive capacity among the elderly in Southern Italy. METHODS Population-based retrospective cross-sectional study. Information were retrieved from electronic-geriatric-forms matched by record-linkage to outpatient pharmacy-records. The following domains were collected from geriatric forms: BMI, cognitive capacity (SPMSQ), fun...

Aggressive behavior is widespread in the animal kingdom, but the degree of molecular conservation between distantly related species is still unclear. Recent reports suggest that at least some of the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex behavior in flies show remarkable similarities with such mechanisms in mice and even humans. Surprisingly, some aspects of neuronal control of aggression...

The complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), commonly encountered in clinical practice, may arise from a variety of psychiatric disorders, most importantly depression. Even though EDS frequently leads depressed patients to seek medical assistance, it is commonly under-evaluated and under-diagnosed. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding and management of EDS is essential in the clinic...

BACKGROUND This study examined the extent to which regulatory problems in infants at 4 and 6 months influence childhood development at 12 months. The second aim of the study was to examine the influence maternal distress has on 4-month-old children's subsequent development as well as gender differences with regard to regulatory problems and development. METHODS 153 mother-child dyads enrolled...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical presentation of schizophrenia among Sesotho speakers. METHOD A sample of 100 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia was evaluated using the Psychiatric Interview Questionnaire. RESULTS Core symptoms of schizophrenia among Sesotho speakers do not differ significantly from other cultures. However, the content of psychological s...

INTRODUCTION Few convincing treatment options have been identified for the excessively crying infant. One explanation may be a lack of identification of patient subgroups. This study used a clinically plausible categorization protocol to subgroup infants and compared changes in symptoms between these subgroups during treatment. METHODS An observational cohort design was employed. All infants ...

Wrist motor activity was monitored continuously in 65 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to assess the influence of disease severity and excessive fatigue on the diurnal motor activity pattern. Mildly or moderately affected PD patients had a similar diurnal pattern to that of 68 healthy controls, with a late morning peak; however, mean levels of motor activity were lower. The most severely ...

Viral encephalopathy is a very rare, but a serious neurologic condition. We present a patient who was admitted to our hospital because of drowsiness, memory disturbances, non-compliance, and disorientation. Treatment with methylprednisolone pulse treatment facilitated recovery without severe sequela. Therefore; when acute viral encephalopathy is actually suspected, steroid pulse therapy should ...