DEFINITION Database applications provide an XML view of their data so that the data is available to other applications, especially web applications. Database systems provide support for the client applications to use (query and/or manipulate) the data. The operations specified by the client applications are composed with the view definitions by the database system, thus performing these actions...

One can almost feel the strain as a newt lung epithelial cell (top left) undergoes mitosis. The white spindle fibers anchor the chromosomes (visible in outline) between the spindle poles, while kinetochore microtubule fibers connect each chromatid at its centromere to one of the mitotic poles. Elongated mitochondria, long stress fibers and small, spherical organelles can also be seen surroundin...

Concern Oriented Programming seeks to decrease the cost of anticipated areas of change by isolating them from the rest of the code base. Although this reduces the cost of making anticipated changes, unanticipated changes may result in higher costs of program understanding during the reengineering process. Preserving the “chain of evidence,” a software design record semantically linked with anno...