abstracts   a study of richard dawkins’s cumulative argument with emphasis on keith wards’ views ‘abdul rasool kashfi ali reza farrokhi balajaddeh some scholars of natural sciences, including richard dawkins, believe that material world is “self-explanatory” in the process of nature formation and creation of living creatures and that natural selection which is a cumulative process can alone exp...

Central MessageHere, we define and offer advice to combat cardiothoracic surgical trainee burnout from the individual, institutional, societal standpoints.PerspectiveCardiothoracic trainees are at great risk of developing symptoms. In this article, actionable institution, standpoints burnout.See Commentaries on pages 643 644.“In dealing with those who undergoing suffering, if you feel “burnout”...

Edmund Spenser’s poetry notoriously battles itself, contorting the surface of his poetical works into an ambiguous representation of how he perceived Elizabethan England in terms of theology, sexuality, nobility, and ideology. Written as what he termed “an historicall fiction[sic],” Spenser allowed his imagination to capture and epitomize the perspectives of Elizabethan society, but in a twiste...

The fifth edition of Beauchamp and Childress’s Principles of Biomedical Ethics is distinguished by its emphatic embrace of common morality as the ultimate source of moral norms. This essay critically evaluates the fifth edition’s discussion of common morality and, to a lesser extent, its treatment of coherence (both the model of ethical justification and the associated concept). It is argued th...

Over the past two decades, the subject of emotional intelligence has received ample attention in management and leadership literature. The literature contains a plethora of information about emotional intelligence and its effect on transformational leadership. Much less is written on the relationship between charismatic leadership and emotional intelligence. This paper examines the relationship...

Ethics and safety research in artificial intelligence is increasingly framed in terms of “alignment” with human values and interests. I argue that Turing’s call for “fair play for machines” is an early and often overlooked contribution to the alignment literature. Turing’s appeal to fair play suggests a need to correct human behavior to accommodate our machines, a surprising inversion of how va...

The mainstream economic theory generally assumes that the characteristics of the products are obvious for the consumer who can choose between any given product on the basis of prices and preferences. This simplistic presentation of product qualities is discussed by many researchers in socio-economics through the theme of measurement: How are qualities evaluated? What role do physical characteri...

Contextualists of David Lewis’ stripe endorse the thesis that ‘know’ and its cognates are context dependent so as to heed their infallibilist intuitions while avoiding skepticism. I argue that the plausibility of infallibilism can be explained away as arising from two other intuitively known facts, i.e.: (KA) For any speaker, A, and proposition, p, if A asserts that p, then A incurs a commitmen...

A prevailing rhetoric in human-robot interaction is that automated systems will help humans do their jobs better. Robots will not replace humans, but rather work alongside and supplement human work. Even when most of a system will be automated, the concept of keeping a “human in the loop” assures that human judgment will always be able to trump automation. This rhetoric emphasizes fluid coopera...

In this paper I analyze the tension between realism and antirealism at the basis of Kantian constructivism. This tension generates a conflictive account of the source of the validity of social norms. On the one hand, the claim to moral objectivity characteristic of Kantian moral theories makes the validity of norms depend on realist assumptions concerning the existence of shared fundamental int...