Iontophoresis was used for a non-invasive administration of the agonist histamine. Flares and weals areas were measured after 1%, 0.01% and 0.0001% histamine solution iontophoresis (30 s, 1.4 mA/cm2). There was no clear-cut correlation between area and concentration. 0.0001% histamine solution iontophoresis induced only a vanishing redness. When a typical weal developed ( 1% and 0.01% histamine...

We tested the hypothesis that cyclooxygenases (COXs) or COX products inhibit nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and thereby mask potential effects of NO on reactive hyperemia in the cutaneous circulation. We performed laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) with intradermal microdialysis in 12 healthy volunteers aged 19-25 yr. LDF was expressed as the percent cutaneous vascular conduction (%CVC) or as the maxim...

We measured detailed regional deposition patterns of inhaled particles in healthy adult male (n = 11; 25 +/- 4 yr of age) and female (n = 11; 25 +/- 3 yr of age) subjects by means of a serial bolus aerosol delivery technique for monodisperse fine [particle diameter (Dp) = 1 micron] and coarse aerosols (Dp = 3 and 5 micron). The bolus aerosol (40 ml half-width) was delivered to a specific volume...

The screening of adsorbents (zeolites, MOFs, ACs, etc) requires the measurement adsorption equilibria and kinetics at milligram scale. In this regard, a volumetric apparatus (constant volume variable pressure – batch adsorber) has been developed for studying sorption. Its validation was accomplished by carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) nitrogen (N2) sorption CO2 on commercial binder-free 4A z...

It is quite beneficial for every company to have a strong decision-making technique at their disposal. Experts and managers involved in strategies would particularly benefit from such order crucial impact on the strategy of company. This paper considers interval-valued linear Diophantine fuzzy (IV-LDF) sets uses algebraic laws. Furthermore, by using Muirhead mean (MM) operator IV-LDF data, powe...

• An iterative linear DistFlow (LDF), with its performances assessed in terms of voltage and losses error a reference AC OPF compared to references conventional LDF, Quadratic (QDF) Second Order Conic Programming (SOCP). improvement ratio from 5 40 the loss estimations LDF. A scalable method SOCP QDF up one month simulation (at 1 h time step) 30 distributed units (PV + storage) on 69-bus test s...

Objective Cervical spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been found to augment cerebral blood flow (CBF) in a number of animal models. However, the effective use of SCS is hampered by a lack of understanding of its mechanism(s) of action. In this paper, we focus on the sympathetic and parasympathetic effects of SCS on CBF. Method Sprague-Dawley rats were selected for the experimental series.The ani...

Reduced cochlear blood flow (CoBF) is a main contributor to hearing loss. Studying CoBF has remained a challenge due to the lack of available tools. Doppler optical microangiography (DOMAG), a method to quantify single-vessel absolute blood flow, and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), a method for measuring the relative blood flow within a large volume of tissue, were used for determining the chang...

Based on quasi-elastic scattering theory (and random walk on a lattice approach), a model of laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) has been derived which can be applied to measurements in large tissue volumes (e.g. when the interoptode distance is >30 mm). The model holds for a semi-infinite medium and takes into account the transport-corrected scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient of t...

Laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) is useful to assess noninvasively two-dimensional cerebral blood flow (CBF) with high temporal and spatial resolution. The authors show that LSF can image the spatiotemporal dynamics of CBF changes in mice through an intact skull. When measured by LSF, peak CBF increases during whisker stimulation closely correlated with simultaneous laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) m...