Abstract: Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is one of the three most common types congenital heart disease in world. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) a complication that can be found patients with secundum type ASD. There no research shows relationship between patient’s age and defect size increased pulmonary artery pressure ASD Indonesia, so further needs to done. Material Methods: This study re...

BACKGROUND Dysfunctions of the prefrontal cortex have been previously reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies reported that first-degree relatives of individuals with ASD show atypical brain activity during tasks associated with social function. However, developmental changes in prefrontal dysfunction in ASD and genetic influences on the phenomena remain u...

BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is characterized by neurodevelopmental anomalies manifesting in cognitive and behavioral deficits in the offspring with diverse severities. Social behavior is affected in FASD, and these deficits overlap with those of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Identifying some of the molecular characteristics related to ASD in an animal model of FASD could...

Current theoretical models of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have proposed that impairments in the processing of social/emotional information may be linked to amygdala dysfunction. However, the extent to which amygdala functions are compromised in ASD has become a topic of debate in recent years. In a jittered functional magnetic resonance imaging study, sub-threshold presentations of anxious ...

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to make inadequate social judgments, particularly when the nonverbal and verbal emotional expressions of other people are incongruent. Although previous behavioral studies have suggested that ASD individuals have difficulty in using nonverbal cues when presented with incongruent verbal-nonverbal information, the neural mechanisms underlying ...

Background Previous work has documented lower vocalization rate and consonant acquisition delays in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated differences in these variables at 12, 18, and 24 months in toddlers at high and low risk for ASD. Method Vocalization rate and number of different consonants were obtained from speech samples from a prospective study of infant siblin...

Abstract Although adult patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum (ASD) often have sleep problems, few studies verified the effect of a psychological approach specific to sleep–wake rhythms on these disturbances. Therefore, aim this pilot study was develop trans-diagnostic scheduling regularity duration as core modules, examine intervention in ADHD and/or...

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are found to have difficulties in understanding speech adverse conditions. In this study, we used noise-vocoded (VS) investigate neural processing of degraded individuals ASD. We ran fMRI experiments the ASD group and a typically developed control (TDC) while they listened clear (CS), VS, spectrally rotated VS (SRVS), were requested pay attention ...

BACKGROUND For many young people with long term conditions (LTC), transferring from paediatric to adult health services can be difficult and outcomes are often reported to be poor. We report the characteristics and representativeness of three groups of young people with LTCs as they approach transfer to adult services: those with autism spectrum disorder with additional mental health problems (...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex genetic disorders more frequently observed in males. Skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is observed in heterozygous females carrying gene mutations involved in several X-linked syndromes. In this study, we aimed to estimate the role of X-linked genes in ASD susceptibility by ascertaining the XCI pattern in a sample of 543 informative mothers of ch...