The quantization of the magnetic flux in superconducting rings is studied in the frame of a topological model of electromagnetism that gives a topological formulation of electric charge quantization. It turns out that the model also embodies a topological mechanism for the quantization of the magnetic flux with the same relation between the fundamental units of magnetic charge and flux as there...

We discuss linear topological defects allowed in two-gap superconductors and equivalent extended Faddeev model. We show that, in these systems, there exist vortices which carry an arbitrary fraction of magnetic flux quantum. Besides that, we discuss topological defects which do not carry magnetic flux and describe features of ordinary one-magnetic-flux-quantum vortices in the two-gap system. Th...

The accuracy of heat deposition, which is proportional to magnetic fluid weight density, appears to be a major factor in the quality of magnetic-fluid-based hyperthermia. An innovative giant magnetoresistance (GMR) needle probe is proposed as a means of estimating very-low-concentration magnetic fluid weight density in a low-invasive way. The method of estimation is based on the difference betw...

A magnetic flux tube is treated as a body in addition to a confined field. As a field, both the cyclonic convection (α-effect) and differential rotation (Ω-effect) play a role. As a body, the tube experiences not only a buoyant force, but also a dynamic pressure of downflows above the tube. When these two dynamic effects are incorporated into the αΩ dynamo equation by adding to it two diffusion...

The use of magnetic fields in targeted drug delivery, especially for treatment of cancers and tumoral regions, is one of the significant techniques in the field of modern methods of treatment. Considering that many vital biological tissues have been located deep in the body, then for targeted drug delivery and effective treatment in these tissues, it is required to bring therapeutic agent to th...

Scanning μSQUID force microscopy is used to study magnetic flux structures in single crystals of the layered spin triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4. Images of the magnetic flux configuration above the ~a~b-face of the cleaved crystal are acquired, mostly after field-cooling the sample. For low applied magnetic fields, individual vortices are observed, each carrying a single quantum of flux. Above ...

We investigate the physics of the formation of closed flux surfaces under the condition that a radio frequency (RF) wave is injected into the Compact Plasma Wall Interaction Experimental Device (CPD). From the orbits of the energetic electrons calculated for the open magnetic flux configuration, we estimate the plasma current Ies due to energetic electrons. We find that Ies increases with decre...

Observations of quiet Sun from the Solar Optical Telescope/SpectroPolarimeter (SOT/SP) aboard the Hinode spacecraft would reveal the magnetic characters of the solar photosphere. By making use of the deep mode observations of three quiet regions, we have statistically studied the vector magnetic fields of solar granulation. More than 2000 normal granules are manually selected to form a sample. ...

Electric and hybrid electric vehicles are attractive candidates for sustainable transportation due to its higher efficiency and low emission. The critical choice on the electric motors is its capability of motoring and regenerative braking characteristics. Switched reluctance machines are viable candidate as with proper control and extended constant power range operation replacing the multi-gea...