BACKGROUND Transmission of dengue viruses (DENV), the most common arboviral pathogens globally, is influenced by many climatic and socioeconomic factors. However, the relative contributions of these factors on a global scale are unclear. METHODS We randomly selected 94 islands stratified by socioeconomic and geographic characteristics. With a Bayesian model, we assessed factors contributing t...

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Black/white disparities in stroke incidence are well documented, but few studies have assessed the contributions to the disparity. Here we assess the contribution of "traditional" risk factors. METHODS A total of 25 714 black and white men and women, aged≥45 years and stroke-free at baseline, were followed for an average of 4.4 years to detect stroke. Mediation analysis...

The prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in Ribeirão Preto, a rich Brazilian city, was significantly higher (21.4%) than in São Luís (5.9%), a less developed city. To assess which variables explain the difference in prevalence of smoking during pregnancy, data from two birth cohorts were used, including 2846 puerperae from Ribeirão Preto, in 1994, and 2443 puerperae from São Luís, in 1997/98....

To address the complex nature of cancer occurrence and outcomes, approaches have been developed to simultaneously assess the role of two or more etiologic agents within hierarchical levels including the: (i) macroenvironment level (e.g., health care policy, neighborhood, or family structure); (ii) individual level (e.g., behaviors, carcinogenic exposures, socioeconomic factors, and psychologic ...

OBJECTIVE To examine cross sectional and longitudinal associations of socioeconomic position and neighborhood environments with BMI in a middle-aged and bi-ethnic cohort. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Analyses were based on 13,167 subjects (45 to 64 years) who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, a population-based study. Census block groups were used as proxies fo...

BACKGROUND There has been an ongoing debate whether the effects of socioeconomic factors on health are due to absolute poverty and material factors or to relative deprivation and psychosocial factors. In the present analyses, we examined the importance for health of material factors, which may have a direct effect on health, and of those that may affect health indirectly, through psychosocial m...

Despite the availability of tuberculosis prevention and control services throughout Amazonas, high rates of morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis remain in the region. Knowledge of the social determinants of tuberculosis in Amazonas is important for the establishment of public policies and the planning of effective preventive and control measures for the disease. To analyze the relationship...

objecitve: there have been contradictory findings on the relationship between socioeconomic status (ses) and child development although a wide range of results indicates that ses is associated with child development outcomes. the present study intended to define the relationship between ses and child development in tehran kindergartens. methods: this cross-sectional survey studied 1036 children...

background: cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of disease in the developed world. early detection and risk prediction are a key component in reducing cardiovascular mortality. the framingham risk score uses age, sex,  cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking to calculate the 10‑year risk probability of developing cardiovascular disease for a given patient. the aim of this...