This paper explores the question: is working as a child harmful to an individual in terms of adult outcomes in earnings? Although this is an extremely important question, little is known about the effect of child labor on adult outcomes. Estimations of an instrumental variables earnings model on data from Brazil show that child labor has a large negative impact on adult earnings for male childr...

This paper considers the effect of child care costs on two labor market outcomes for single mothers—whether to participate in the labor market and whether to receive welfare. Hourly child care expenditures are estimated for all women in the sample (using data drawn from the 1992 and 1993 panels of the SIPP), whether or not they are currently using nonmaternal child care. These expenditures are ...

New regulations to improve the quality of early childhood education and care came into force in Australia in 2012. Using a simultaneous, structural model of labour supply and child care demand we predict the effects on the labour supply of partnered women, on demand for child care and on household finances for two-parent households in Australia. Using estimated cost impacts of this new National...

Public opinion polls in high income countries regularly document near universal condemnation of child labor in low income countries. Calls for consumer boycotts against products with child labor content are ubiquitous in America's universities. This essay assumes that this concern about child labor is motivated by a genuine concern for the welfare of working children. Can consumer boycotts and ...

"When capital and labor markets are imperfect, choice sets narrow, and parents must choose how to ration available funds and time between their children. One consequence is that children become rivals for household resources. In economies with pro-male bias, such rivalries can yield gains to having relatively more sisters than brothers. Using a rich household survey from Ghana [the 1988-1989 Gh...

In recent years, child care has become an important public policy issue, owing primarily to the significant increase in the labor force participation of women with young children. Consequently, a number of bills containing provisions to subsidize child care have been introduced into Congress. As a first step in considering possible behavioral responses to proposed child care subsidies, this pap...