The solution of most commercial rule-based expert systems consists of two components –the conclusion(s) reached and a calculated measure of belief in the conclusion(s), expressed as a single number. In non-deterministic domains, this number is often the most critical factor in analyzing the solution. However, as this paper reviews, a robust calculus for this number has yet to be documented, ind...

In recent days, due to the complexities of different diseases similar types, it becomes very difficult diagnose an accurate type disease, and so medical diagnosis a task for experts working in health departments. Many researchers try develop new methods techniques over difficulties that come across way diagnosis. this paper, we some novel will help accurately. Based on more advanced structure i...

Background: In recent years, we have established an entry-level Forward Surgical Team (FST) training program in a Chinese military medical university for the 5th grade undergraduates, who would be deployed to different services as primary combat surgeons. This study aimed assess role of this pre-service improving their confidence with skills, after several years since they received training. Me...