Diabetes mellitus is a primary cause for large number of pathophysiologic co-morbidities including obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis. Obesity is intimately associated with diabetes, which is not only a major but also a costly healthcare problem for the individual and to the society. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 135 million people worldwid...

the major objective in endodontic therapy is to disinfect the entire root canal system. this requires that the pulpal content be eliminated as sources of infection. this goal may be accomplished by mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation, in conjunction with medication of the root canal between treatment sessions. microorganisms and their by-products are considered to be the major ca...

Obesity is an increasing trend within the United States and the importance of addressing both causation and effects of obesity are becoming more important. It has been shown that environment, genetics, and social behavior factors can lead to an increased risk of obesity. Obesity has also been associated with several negative health concerns including increased risk for heart disease, cancer, po...

The prevalence of obesity has increased to pandemic levels worldwide and is related to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Metabolic comorbidities are commonly associated with obesity and include metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. Even if the prevalence of obesity remains stable until 2030, the anticipated numbers of people with diabetes will more than double as a con...

Obesity is a well-known major risk factor of cardiovascular disease and is associated with various comorbidities. The impact of obesity on pulmonary function remains unclear. Reductions in chest wall compliance and respiratory muscle strength due to a high percent body fat and localized fat distribution contributes to impaired pulmonary function and the occurrence of adverse respiratory symptom...

BACKGROUND Exenatide, a GLP-1 analogue, is used in combination with oral anti-diabetic agents in type 2 diabetes and obesity, and promotes weight loss. Exenatide use in combination with insulin in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and obesity is unlicensed in the UK and outcomes are unclear. AIMS To assess the effectiveness of exenatide in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes with obesity. DESIGN ...

The prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associated metabolic disorders are considered a major threat to the public's health. While several diet and exercise programs are available for weight loss and prevention of weight regain, progress is often slow and disappointing. Recently, natural bioactive phytochemicals present in foods have been discovered for their potential health benefit...

Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic inflammation linked to obesity is closely associated with the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disorders.1 The inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to be an independent predictor of future risk for cardiovascular events and a risk factor of developing diabetes.2,3 High levels of CRP are also associated with obesity an...

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease; there is growing evidence that it is a hepatic manifestation of a metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic risk factors among patients with NAFLD. MATERIAL/METHODS Outpatients with NAFLD were recruited into the study. Family physicians recorded patients' demographic ...

For over a decade, the world of obesity pharmaceuticals has been stagnant, with most medications that have been studied for use in the management of obesity being rejected or withdrawn due to an unacceptable side effect profile. Since the withdrawal of sibutramine in 2010 due to concerns regarding an increased risk of cardiovascular events, the only available medical therapy is orlistat, which ...