background: central nervous system (cns) relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia was significantly decreased due to the use of new chemotherapyeutic agents, intrathecal chemotherapy and cranial irradiation. the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of intrathecal (it) cns chemotherapy alone versus combination of it chemotherapy with cranial irradiation for prevention of cns rel...

background: bcl-2 is the most important anti-apoptotic regulator and bax is a pro-apoptotic protein. the status of these parameters or the ration of bcl-2 to bax is important in malignant cell fate as well as normal cells. methods: sixty-two all patients and 62 healthy sex-and age-matched controls were studied. after genotyping, the promoter region of the bax and bcl-2 genes by rflp-pcr method ...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in infants represents an aggressive malignancy associated with a high incidence (approx. 80%) of translocations involving the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene. Attempts to mimic Mixed Lineage Leukemia fusion driven leukemogenesis in mice raised the question whether these fusion proteins require secondary hits. RAS mutations are suggested as candidates. Earlier resu...

Background: Previous studies have pointed to the major role of viruses in pathogenesis cancers, especially lymphoproliferative cancers. Objectives: The current study investigated relationship between recent Human Herpesvirus Type 6 (HHV6) infection and childhood leukemia-lymphoma syndrome. Methods: From January 2011 December 2012, we entered every new case acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodg...

Oncoprotein E2a/Pbx1 is produced by the t(1;19) chromosomal translocation of human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. E2a/Pbx1 blocks differentiation of primary myeloid progenitors but, paradoxically, induces apoptosis in established pre-B-cell lines, and no transforming function of E2a/Pbx1 has been reported in cultured lymphoid progenitors. Here, we demonstrate that E2a/Pbx1 induces immortal...

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a cancer that infects the blood cells causing development of lymphocytes in large numbers. Diagnostic tests are costly and very time-consuming. It important to diagnose ALL using Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) images, especially initial screening cases. Several issues affect examination process such as diagnostic error, symptoms, nonspecific nature signs ALL....

Leukemia incidence in children has increased worldwide in recent decades, particularly due to the rise in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Studies have associated exposure to non-ionizing radiation generated by low frequency magnetic fields with childhood leukemia. The current article reviews the case-control studies published on this subject. Of 152 articles tracked in different databases, ten st...

Recurrent deletions of the long arm of chromosome 5 were detected in 23/200 cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genomic studies identified two types of deletions: interstitial and terminal. Interstitial 5q deletions, found in five cases, were present in both adults and children with a female predominance (chi-square, P=0.012). Interestingly, these cases resembled immature/early T-cell...

BACKGROUND The prognostic value of the ectopic activation of TLX3 gene expression, a major oncogenetic event associated with pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, is controversial. Likewise, the frequency and the prognostic significance in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the newly characterized NUP214-ABL1 fusion transcript is not yet clear. DESIGN AND METHODS Two hu...