Please share your stories about how Open Access to this article benefits you. The trades unions of the working people exist under economical conditions and cannot be stamped out. Water does not run uphill and though human ingenuity may force it up, it will still run downhill. .. And so it is with the wage workers' organizations—they exist, and no power on earth can push them out of existence.

Observers of ten agree that ‘history repeats itself ’[1] in Eastern Congo – f rom the slavery condit ions imposed by Belgian King Leopold over Mobutu’s predatory state, to today’s armed milit ias. The reason why these ghosts come haunt ing Congo’s present is primarily related to unending compet it ion over the ‘right to protect ’ unfree populat ions; under the circumstances, this protect ion ra...

This paper is about the Internet’s future, but we begin with its past. The history of network routing began as a topological problem: how does one find the shortest paths in a graph ([11])? However, with the advent of domain-based Internet routing, policy became an important consideration. In fact, policy concerns were embedded in the 1989 requirements document (RFC 1126) that set the groundwor...

The study investigates the impact of brand equity on brand loyalty with the mediation of customer satisfaction in restaurant sector of Lahore, Pakistan. The study uses seven dimensions of brand equity, which include physical quality, staff behavior, ideal selfcongruence, brand identification, life style-congruence, trust and environment. Questionnaire has been used to collect the data from the ...

Distributed applications are commonly based on overlay networks interconnecting their sites so that they can exchange information. For these overlay networks to preserve their functionality, they should be able to recover from various problems like membership changes or faults. Various self-stabilizing overlay networks have already been proposed in recent years, which have the advantage of bein...

Climate change is again in the news. First the failure of the COP61 meeting to agree on terms for the Kyoto Protocol and now the apparent rejection of the protocol by President Bush leaves the future of climate policy uncertain. To move forward it is important understand the drivers of climate change in order to inform discussions of where mitigation efforts need to be focused. This paper will ...

As the shortcomings of our current Internet become more and more obvious, researchers have started creating alternative approaches for the Internet of the future. Their design goals are mainly content-orientation, security, support for mobility and cloud computing. The probably most popular architecture is called Content Centric Networking. Every communication is treated as a distribution of co...

The Great Plains Environment for Network Innovation (GpENI) is an international programmable network testbed centered initially in the Midwest US with the goal to provide programmability across the entire protocol stack. In this paper, we present the overall GpENI framework and our implementation experience for the programmable routing environment and the dynamic circuit network (DCN). GpENI is...

The past 15 years have seen a rapid expansion in the number of studies using neuroimaging techniques to investigate maturational changes in the human brain. In this paper, I review MRI studies on structural changes in the developing brain, and fMRI studies on functional changes in the social brain during adolescence. Both MRI and fMRI studies point to adolescence as a period of continued neural...

Recent observations suggest that the ratio of the total density to the critical density of the universe, Ω0, is likely to be very close to one, with a significant proportion of this energy being in the form of a dark component with negative pressure. Motivated by this result, we study the question of observational detection of possible non-trivial topologies in universes with Ω0 ∼ 1, which incl...