We study the formation of vacuum condensates in 2 + 1 dimensional QED in the presence of inhomogeneous background magnetic fields. For a large class of magnetic fields, the condensate is shown to be proportional to the inhomogeneous magnetic field, in the large flux limit. This may be viewed as a local form of the integrated degeneracy-flux relation of Aharonov and Casher.

We study magnetic fluxes and currents in mesoscopic systems of cylindrical symmetry like rings, toroids and cylinders. We analyze the time evolution of the magnetic flux and the characteristic time of a formation of the ordered state. We investigate how, starting from some symmetric initial state, the magnetic flux or the current approach their corresponding asymptotic state.

We introduce and apply a method to investigate the force-free character of the photospheric magnetic fields in solar active regions. The vertical current density, inferred from vector magnetograms, is decomposed into a helical (assumed field-aligned) component, and a component perpendicular to the magnetic field. Contrary to the classical method of calculating the integrated Lorentz forces, the...

In this paper we investigate the idea of Hanasz & Lesch 1993 that the galactic dynamo effect is due to the Parker instability of magnetic flux tubes. In addition to the former approach, we take into account more general physical conditions in this paper, by incorporating cosmic rays and differential forces due to the axisymmetric differential rotation and the density waves as well. We present t...

We present results from numerical modeling of emerging flux regions on the solar surface. The modeling was carried out by means of 3D radiative MHD simulations of the rise of buoyant magnetic flux tubes through the convection zone and into the photosphere. Due to the strong stratification of the convection zone, the rise results in a lateral expansion of the tube into a magnetic sheet, which ac...

The solar wind carries magnetic flux from the photosphere into the heliosphere, making it topologically open in the corona. Open magnetic flux is unevenly distributed at the solar surface, but at some distance in the outer corona it becomes uniformly distributed and approximately radial. Standard potential field models do not provide such uniform distribution of open flux in the heliosphere. A ...

In this paper, we propose using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technique to fabricate a notched long-period fiber grating (NLPFG) for magnetic sensing application. An optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on NLPFG filled with nanoparticle magnetic fluid is proposed and demonstrated. The magnetic fluid nanoparticles were attached on the grating structure section and used as a ma...

We study the formation of vacuum condensates in 2 + 1 dimensional QED in the presence of inhomogeneous background magnetic fields. For a large class of magnetic fields, the condensate is shown to be proportional to the inhomogeneous magnetic field, in the large flux limit. This may be viewed as a local form of the integrated degeneracy-flux relation of Aharonov and Casher.

In this paper we investigate the idea of Hanasz & Lesch 1993 that the galactic dynamo effect is due to the Parker instability of magnetic flux tubes. In addition to the former approach,we take into accountmore general physical conditions in this paper, by incorporating cosmic rays and differential forces due to the axisymmetric differential rotation and the density waves as well. We present the...

Kinetics of magnetic flux in a thin mesoscopic ring biased by a strong external magnetic field is described equivalently by dynamics of a Brownian particle in a tilted wash-board potential. The 'flux velocity', i.e. the averaged time derivative of the total magnetic flux in the ring, is a candidate for a novel characteristics of mesoscopic rings. Its global properties reflect the possibility of...