The formation of disulfide is essential for the folding, activity, and stability of many proteins secreted by Gram-negative bacteria. The disulfide oxidoreductase, DsbA, introduces disulfide bonds into proteins exported from the cytoplasm to periplasm. In pathogenic bacteria, DsbA is required to process virulence determinants for their folding and assembly. In this study, we examined the role o...

This paper examines only just a few, but extremely impressive examples of “successful Software Process Improvement (SPI),” a highly controversial and much disputed field. SPI is the discipline of characterizing, defining, measuring, and improving software management and engineering processes, leading to successful software engineering management, higher product quality, greater product innovati...

In hepatic disorders, abnormal plasma amino acid profiles are observed. In this study, we examined whether soy protein isolate (SPI) improved plasma methionine concentration in the model animals. Portacaval shunt (PCS) increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and methionine concentration in blood of rats fed a 40% casein diet supplemented with 0.6% methionine (casein-M diet). A 40% SPI...

Infections due to seafood associated Salmonella serovars are a great risk to public health. It is known that genes involved in pathogenesis of Salmonella spp. are clustered within Salmonella pathogenicity islands. Therefore, this study was aimed at detecting the prevalence of 12 different virulence associated genes coded by 4 pathogenicity islands, namely, SPI-1, SPI-2, SPI-3 and SPI-5, among 3...

Berry, Susan A., Pearl L. Bergad, Allison M. Stolz, Howard C. Towle, and Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg. Regulation of Spi 2.1 and 2.2 gene expression after turpentine inflammation: discordant responses to IL-6. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Cell Physiol. 45): C1374–C1382, 1999.—The rat serine protease inhibitor (Spi) 2 gene family includes both positive (Spi 2.2) and negative (Spi 2.1) acute phase reactants,...

BACKGROUND Chad Lake is a central place in a region with a high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. Spirulina, a natural source of β-carotene, is traditionally produced and eaten as "Dihé" around Chad Lake. β-carotene spirulina has been found to have a high conversion factor to retinol. The aim of the study was to assess if the retinol status between healthy women eating spirulina Dihé daily (S...

Invasion of intestinal epithelial cells is a critical step in Salmonella infection and requires the expression of genes located in Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). A key factor for SPI-1 expression is DNA adenine (Dam) methylation, which activates synthesis of the SPI-1 transcriptional activator HilD. Dam-dependent regulation of hilD is postranscriptional (and therefore indirect), ind...