Background: Needle stick injuries are serious professional hazards in the transfer of certain types blood borne diseases such as hepatitis B virus, C and human immunodeficiency virus among healthcare workers. Objective: Firstly, to determine prevalence factors related needle injuries. Secondly, assess safety measures nurses Erbil hospitals. Patients Methods: A hospital based cross sectional stu...

BACKGROUND Vascular access is a critical skill for emergency physicians. However, it can be unpredictably challenging in some patients. While ultrasound-guided vascular access has been encouraged in emergency departments, there have been few studies evaluating echo-enhanced needles and their usefulness in performing vascular access. AIMS Our purpose was to determine if the use of an echo-enha...