INTRODUCTION DepoFoam bupivacaine is a novel liposomal formulation of bupivacaine designed to provide prolonged postsurgical analgesia. This dose-ranging study evaluated extent and duration of analgesia following administration of DepoFoam bupivacaine in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of DepoFoam bupivacaine doses of 133, 266,...

Bupivacaine is one of the most toxic local anesthetics. An increasing number of studies have shown that bupivacaine could induce intracellular oxidative stress and cause cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity are still unclear. In this study, we evaluate the neurotoxicity effect and the underlying mechanisms of bupivacaine in SH-SY5Y cells. First, we monitored the intr...

BACKGROUND The local anesthetic bupivacaine exists in two stereoisomeric forms, R(+)- and S(-)-bupivacaine. Because of its lower cardiac and central nervous system toxicity, attempts were made recently to introduce S(-)-bupivacaine into clinical anesthesia. We investigated stereoselective actions of R(+)-and S(-)-bupivacaine toward two local anesthetic-sensitive ion channels in peripheral nerve...

Purpose Sustained release hydrogel with bupivacaine (AnestaGel™) is a novel formulation of extended release bupivacaine in a biohydrogel Matrix™. We sought to compare the analgesic effects via mechanical allodynia, the pharmacokinetic characteristics via serum blood levels, and the local tissue effects via pathology, following injection of either sustained release hydrogel with bupivacaine, lip...

BACKGROUND Liposome bupivacaine is a novel formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine, designed to provide prolonged postsurgical analgesia. This analysis examined pooled efficacy data as reflected in cumulative pain scores from 10 randomized, double-blind liposome bupivacaine clinical studies in which the study drug was administered via local wound infiltration. METHODS A total of 823 p...

One hundred elderly men (> or =65 yr) undergoing transurethral procedures (<45 min) received bupivacaine 7.5 mg, or bupivacaine 5 mg + fentanyl 20 mug, or bupivacaine 4 mg + fentanyl 20 mug, or bupivacaine 3 mg + fentanyl 20 mug, intrathecally. Intraoperative "rescue" fentanyl requirements were higher (P < 0.03) in group bupivacaine 3 mg + fentanyl. Times (min) to ambulation eligibility were de...

BACKGROUND A toxic dose of bupivacaine produces vasodilation in isolated aortas. The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the cellular mechanism associated with bupivacaine-induced vasodilation in isolated endotheliumdenuded rat aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. METHODS Isolated endothelium-denuded rat aortas were suspended for isometric tension recordings. The effects of nif...

Clinically, lidocaine requires a larger concentration than bupivacaine to block nerves. Bupivacaine has a higher lipid solubility, tissue permeability, and affinity for sodium channels than lidocaine, resulting in greater anesthetic potency. Local anesthetics require access to the sodium channel from the intracellular milieu. In this study, we sought to determine the intracellular concentration...

BACKGROUND Pain after shoulder surgery is often treated with interscalene nerve blocks. Single-injection blocks are effective, but time-limited. Adjuncts such as dexamethasone may help. We thus tested the hypothesis that adding dexamethasone significantly prolongs the duration of ropivacaine and bupivacaine analgesia and that the magnitude of the effect differs among the two local anaesthetics....

BACKGROUND There are a number of adjuvants to be used for local anesthetics in spinal block. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the possible effect of intrathecal midazolam compared with bupivacaine as adjuvants in spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine in chronic opium abuses. METHODS In a double blind, randomized clinical trial, 90 opium abuser patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic su...