The Roshnites (Illuminati) also called “Rokhanian” in Pashto, a sixteenth century religiopolitical movement in the Pashtun dominated regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan, effected social mobilization on an unprecedented scale. The movement aimed at doctrinal reforms but soon it turned out to be a political movement. The leader of the Movement, Bayazid Ansari (also called “Pir Rokhan” by his devo...

The issue of the authorship of the Torah is important for at least this one reason: since the book claims to have been written by a certain writer, it is simply a matter of integrity that that claim is verified. If this claim to authorship is not substantiated, then why should we trust what that book says? In short, if the Torah claims to be written by Moshe, and we find that it is, in fact, no...

By making radical changes in the long term evolutionary processes of human beings, we damage the human genetic heritage. The concept of a genetic heritage is derived from its cultural counterpart, namely a cumulative achievement or record that we are obliged to pass on from our ancestors to our descendants. It reflects a commitment to natural evolution (or divinely created nature) which should ...

Abstract Bio-inspired design (BID) involves generating innovative ideas for engineering by drawing inspiration from natural biological phenomena and systems, using a form of design-by-analogy. Despite its many successes, BID approaches encounter research challenges including unstructured data existing models that hinder comprehension processing, limited focus on finding knowledge compared to de...

An adaptive knowledge system needs massive knowledge. But massive knowledge can handicap the speed of searching and reasoning. Good structure can considerably enhance the expressive power and efficiency of a knowledge system. Inspired by the structure of human memory and data warehouse, object-oriented warehouse architecture of knowledge based on the 3-World model was advanced after exploring t...

imam ali (a) has paid special attention to human awareness of death and the necessity for remembering death. he attempts to lead man to a high degree of self-knowledge and meaningfulness of life through a comprehensive understanding of death. as is considered, death is essentially interrelated to life and, therefore, every lack of correct knowledge toward the former would affect human self-know...

Vision-based self-localization is the ability to derive one’s own location from visual input only without knowledge of a previous position or idiothetic information. It is often assumed that the visual mechanisms and invariance properties used for object recognition will also be helpful for localization. Here we show that this is neither logically reasonable nor empirically supported. We argue ...

healthcare professionals usually should make complex decisions with far reaching consequences and associated risks in health care fields. as it was demonstrated in other industries, the ability to drill down into pertinent data to explore knowledge behind the data can greatly facilitate superior, informed decisions to ensue the facts. nature has always inspired researchers to develop models of ...