It is very difficult to realize sub-3 nm patterns using conventional lithography for next-generation high-performance nanosensing, photonic, and computing devices. Here we propose a completely original and novel concept, termed self-shrinking dielectric mask (SDM), to fabricate sub-3 nm patterns. Instead of focusing the electron and ion beams or light to an extreme scale, the SDM method relies ...

Shared decision making (SDM) is the process of providing the patient with critical information that can support his or her informed participation in decision making. Shared decision making has become accepted as an important component of quality health care. Influenced by its foundations in law and ethics and by empirical work on its value as a tool to reduce variability in care, a perception h...

WHAT ABOUT POLICY REGARDING SDM? SDM is on the national policy agenda and has been prioritised as part of the health reform bill currently going through the Houses of Parliament. The NHS Constitution emphasises patients' right to be involved in decisions and this is reinforced in standards set by professional regulators. WHAT ABOUT TOOLS - DECISION SUPPORT FOR PATIENTS? The UK governments have ...

BACKGROUND Shared decision-making (SDM) has become increasingly important in health care. However, despite scientific evidence, effective implementation strategies, and a prominent position on the health policy agenda, SDM is not widely implemented in routine practice so far. Therefore, we developed a program for routine implementation of SDM in oncology by conducting an analysis of the current...

After 35 years of research on strategic decision making (SDM), what can we tell managers about SDM processes which is both valid and useful? After briefly reviewing the relevant literature we discuss the prescriptive results of such research under six headings (rationality, politics, conflict, techniques to improve strategic debate, participation, and overall SDM tactics). We also review some o...