In order to identify Daldinia species in Guilan province, several specimens were collected during 2011–13. A total of six taxa, including Daldinia caldariorum (on Morus alba); D. childiae (on Parrotia persica, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Morus alba, Quercus sp., Prunus sp., Citrus sinensis, Gleditschia caspica, Buxus sempervirens, Carpinis betulus and Alnus subcordata); D. gelatinoides (on M. alba...

The Hyrcanian forests of Iran contain many species-rich communities that can only be maintained through an understanding the renewal and development these forests. Located in Jojadeh section Farim forest northern Iran, individual tree growth five distinct species [(Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia Coss. ex J.Gay), Persian maple (Acer velutinum...

Phenological time series of flowering and bud burst of Populus tremula (L.) and Betula sp., and the flowering of Pinus sylvestris (L.), Alnus glutinosa (L.) and Alnus incana (L.) were constructed from data collected in Finland during the period 1896–1955. The resulting combined time series were examined with two aims in mind: first, to determine the phenological regularities between different s...

directional felling of trees plays a key role in reducing of damages to forest residual trees and can also facilitate skidding. the aim of this study was presents a practical linear model for estimation of tree falling direction error in an uneven-aged mixed stand in northern forests of iran. to conduct the study a number of 95 trees of four species fagus orientalis lipsky, carpinus betulus l.,...