iii Preface There is fluid flow everywhere around us: air is flowing past airplanes, cars and buildings; water is flowing past ships, through rivers and harbours; oil is flowing through pipelines and in underground reservoirs; blood is flowing through our arteries. And the most important flow around us has not even been mentioned: the air flow in the atmosphere that determines our weather. It w...

Computational fluid dynamics simulations of relevance to jet-engine design, for instance, are extremely computationally demanding and the use of large-scale distributed computing will allow the solution of problems that cannot be tackled using current resources. It is often appropriate to leave the large datasets generated by CFD codes local to the compute resource in use at the time. This natu...

I Notation: I Ω ⊂ R: domain initially occupied by a material moving under the influence of interior and exterior forces I η ∈ Ω: initial position of an arbitrary particle I x = Φ(η, t): position of particle η at time t > 0 I Ω(t) = Φ(Ω, t): domain occupied by the material at time t > 0 I Basic assumptions: I Φ(·, t) : Ω→ Ω(t) is an orientation preserving diffeomorphism for all t > 0. I Φ(·, 0) ...

Modern advances in numerical methods have led to the rapid development of various fields human activity, including microelectronics, mechanical engineering and medicine [...]