A number of recommendations for policy and program interventions to limit excess free sugar consumption have emerged, however there are a lack of data describing the amounts and types of sugar in foods. This study presents an assessment of sugar in Canadian prepackaged foods including: (a) the first systematic calculation of free sugar contents; (b) a comprehensive assessment of total sugar and...

This paper investigates the extent to which world market price changes are transmitted through changes in border prices into local producer prices for four agricultural product markets in Tanzania: sugar, cotton, wheat and rice. The changes in the marketing channels for each of these products resulting from market liberalization are described. The statistical analysis finds that, in general, Ta...

A regioselective efficient synthetic approach to N-imino-γ-carbolinium ylides via AgOTf-catalyzed iminoannulation has been developed. This transformation proceeds via a silver(i) triflate-catalyzed consecutive Friedel-Crafts reaction/N-C bond formation sequence between the readily available indole derivatives and propargylic alcohols.

An acid-catalysed Ritter reaction of chiral secondary benzylic alcohols enables diastereoselective access to chiral amides, which represent inter alia valuable intermediates for the synthesis of chiral 1,2-diamines and beta-amino acids.

We define a class of local stochastic rewrite rules on directed site trees. We give a compact presentation of (often countably infinite) coarse-grained differential systems describing the dynamics of these rules in the deterministic limit, and study in a simple case finite approximations based on truncations to a certain size. We show an application to the modelling of the dynamics of sugar pol...

An asymmetric 5-endo chloroetherification of homoallylic alcohols is successfully developed that employs an easily available quaternary ammonium salt derived from cinchonine as a conventional organocatalyst. This approach provides ready access to β-chlorotetrahydrofurans in high enantioselectivities.

determination of the amount of sugar in sugar beet is usually accomplished by polarimetric method in sugar industry. this method is not accurate due to impurities such as sodium, potassium and amino-nitrogen that are present and might cause some errors in the evaluation of the technical quality of sugar beet. in this research, 7309 samples of sugar beet from two semi- arid county, isfahan and c...

An atom-economical diastereoselective synthesis of indenodithiepines and indenodithiocines has been developed via a domino reaction of propargylic alcohols and dithioacetals in the presence of InCl3 as a catalyst. A range of functionalized dithiepines and dithiocines, fused to the indene ring, were obtained in good to excellent yields under mild conditions.