Too much salt can do terrible things to a plant. Dissolved in solution, salt reduces the availability of water to the plant. Also, excess Na in high-salinity soil competes with K for uptake across the plasma membranes of plant cells, reducing plant growth and causing cellular injury and even death. Indeed, salinity tolerance is correlated with the ability of a plant to retain proper tissue K le...

To quantify the carbon (C) sink in intact tropical forests, Pan et al. (2011) multiplied ‘...region-specific estimates of C density or change in C density times the associated areas represented by the region-specific estimates.’ A retrospective interpolation based on their numbers provides insight into the possible causes of a C sink in intact tropical forests. First, however, there are two rea...

Harmonic analysis of a one-year time series (26 periods) of NOAA AVHRR NDVI biweekly composite data was used to characterize seasonal changes for natural and agricultural land uselland cover in Finney County in southwest Kansas. Different crops (corn, soybeans, alfalfa) exhibit distinctive seasonal patterns of NDVI variation that have strong periodic characteristics. Harmonic analysis, also ter...

Graph theory is increasingly commonly utilised in genetics, proteomics and neuroimaging. In such fields, the data of interest generally constitute weighted graphs. Analysis of such weighted graphs often require the integration of topological metrics with respect to the density of the graph. Here, density refers to the proportion of the number of edges present in that graph. When topological met...

the growth-repressing DELLA proteins. It was also possible to predict a gradient in DELLA proteins which provides a reasonable explanation for the observation of a reduction in growth exhibited in cells close to the end of the elongation zone (Band et al., 2012). The authors also simulated systems in which GA levels were reduced by genetic or pharmacological approaches. Accordingly by modeling ...

A Ru-catalyzed direct arylation of benzylic sp carbons of acyclic amines with arylboronates is reported. This highly regioselective and efficient transformation can be performed with various combinations of N-(2-pyridyl) substituted benzylamines and arylboronates. Substitution of the pyridine directing group in the 3-position proved to be crucial in order to achieve high arylation yields. Furth...

Cloud-free optical satellite imagery simplifies remote sensing, but land-cover phenology limits existing solutions to persistent cloudiness to compositing temporally resolute, spatially coarser imagery. Here, a new strategy for developing cloud-free imagery at finer resolution permits simple automatic change detection. The strategy uses regression trees to predict pixel values underneath clouds...

Fifteen dogs were referred because of a spontaneous bone tumor, lameness, and local pain. The osteosarcoma diagnosis was established by clinical examination, X-ray, bone scintigraphy, and histological examination of biopsy material. The tumors were located in the extremities (n = 12), scapula (n = 1), maxilla (n = 1), and the frontal bone (n = 1). The dogs were given one to four i.v. injections...

Threats to tropical forest biodiversity are unprecedented due the unparalleled rates of degradation, fragmentation and conversion agriculture (Barlow et al., 2016; Hansen 2013; Newbold 2014; Phalan 2013). Southeast Asia has some highest loss, with only ~19% its intact forests remaining (Achard Estoque 2019; Lewis 2015; Sodhi 2010). The rapid expansion oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) made reg...