In this article the differences between blood bank 8...'1d normal blood is shown. The danger of massive blood transfusion specially in shocked patient is discussed. The importance of warm blood, correction of acidosis with ventilation and bicarbonate, and the use of fresh plasma to compensate the reduction of coagulation factors are mentioned. The value of acid­phosphaite-dexterose (APD) as sto...

septic shock continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the intensive care units. when the shock state persists after adequate fluid resuscitation,  vasopressor therapy is required to improve and maintain adequate tissue/organ  perfusion in an attempt to improve survival and prevent the development of multiple organ dysfunction and failure. various studies have suggested that exogeno...

background several studies showed that dopamine and norepinephrine improve retention and retrieval of memory. methylphenidate is an enhancer of dopamine and norepinephrine in brain. objectives in the present study, the effect of methylphenidate was evaluated on retention and retrieval of memory in young and aged mice using passive avoidance apparatus. materials and methods animals were divided ...

In this paper, two-dimensional and axisymmetric, time dependent transonic and supersonic flows over a projectile overtaking a moving shock wave are considered. The flow is simulated numerically by solving full time averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The equations are linearized by Newton approach. The roe’s flux splitting method, second order central difference scheme for the diffusion terms, an...

In this paper, an efficient numerical scheme based on uniform Haar wavelets is used to solve the non-planar Burgers equation. The quasilinearization technique is used to conveniently handle the nonlinear terms in the non-planar Burgers equation. The basic idea of Haar wavelet collocation method is to convert the partial differential equation into a system of algebraic equations that involves a ...

In this study, a mixed $delta$-shock model with discrete-time is defined by combining $delta$-shock and extreme shock models. In this model, a system with multiple states fails in two ways: first, when k interarrival times between two consecutive shocks with magnitude larger than the critical threshold $gamma$ are in $[delta_1, delta _2], delta_1 < delta _2$; and second, when the interarrival t...

In this paper we investigate the exact peroidic wave shock solutions of the Burgers equations. Our purpose is to describe the asymptotic behavior of the solution in the cauchy problem for viscid equation with small parametr ε and to discuss in particular the case of periodic wave shock. We show that the solution of this problem approaches the shock type solution for the cauchy problem of the in...

Objective- The aim of this study was to assess ultrasonography-derived caudal vena cava to aorta ratio (CVC/Ao) as a novel endpoint in the resuscitation of experimental hemorrhagic shock in dogs. Design- Experimental study. Animals- Ten adult mongrel healthy dogs. Procedures- After induction of anesthesia (con...