Infiltration and extravasation are risks of intravenous administration therapy involving unintended leakage of solution into the surrounding tissue. Consequences range from local irritation to amputation. While immediate action using appropriate measures (ie, dilution, extraction, antidotes, and supportive treatments) can decrease the need for surgical intervention, many injuries may be prevent...

We study the kinetics of infiltration in which contaminant particles, which are suspended in a flowing carrier fluid, penetrate a porous medium. The progress of the "invader" particles is impeded by their trapping on active "defender" sites which are on the surfaces of the medium. As the defenders are used up, the invader penetrates further and ultimately breaks through. We study this process i...

Postmortem examination of a 5.5-year-old Holstein cow with history of sudden death showed a veryhuge spleen (120 × 45 × 10 cm) associated with severe haemoperitoneum. Histopathological findingsincluded extensive infiltration of medium to large sized lymphocytic and lymphoblastic cells with smallamounts of cytoplasm, round nuclei with coarsely granular chromatin in the spleen, and limited foci o...

Interrupting the processes which control ecosystem resources has dramatic impacts on the rangeland conditions. To protect ecosystems and landscape, it needs to understand the ecosystem processes which regulate the ecosystem resources. As main components of ecosystems, patches and inter-patches play important roles in energy and materials cascade. Ecologically, functional parameters such as stab...

Eosinophilic liver infiltration is a commonly encountered focal eosinophil-related inflammation with or without necrosis, which can be seen on computed tomography (CT) in the presence of peripheral eosinophilia. Although this entity has a relatively benign course, it is related to numerable conditions for which diagnosis may be challenging and requires substantial diagnostic work-up for proper ...

[1] One potential consequence of global climate change and rapid changes in land use is an increased risk of flooding. Proper understanding of floodwater infiltration thus becomes a crucial component of our preparedness to meet the environmental challenges of projected climate change. In this paper, we present the results of a long-term infiltration experiment performed on fractured ash flow tu...

Physically based distributed hydrological models aim at an adequate representation of processes, including runoff generation. A significant proportion is generated through the subsurface, i.e. by groundwater flow or unsaturated subsurface stormflow. However, in case high rainfall intensity and/or low soil-surface infiltrability, surface may strongly contribute to total runoff, too, either satur...

Tonsils are located in the upper airway.serious complications may threaen the patients during and following surgical operations in this area.this study was done to assess the effectiveness of local lidocaine infiltration for redusing complications of tonsillectomy.in this study,74 patients were randomly selected.37 patients received local lidocaine infiltration(2ml of 2% lidocaine)in the tonsil...