A monoclonal antibody-based sandwich direct ELISA (MSD-ELISA) method was previously developed for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viral antigen detection. Here we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of two FMD viral antigen detection MSD-ELISAs and compared them with conventional indirect sandwich (IS)-ELISA. The MSD-ELISAs were able to detect the antigen in saliva samples of experimentally-...

background: musculoskeletal disorders are one of difficulties in communities that has negative effect on various aspect of life. the aim of this study was to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders in students.   materials and methods: in this study cross-sectional descriptive-analytic approach, 306 college students were enrolled by using no probability purposive sampling method and also availabilit...

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether the well-known risk factors for the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) also play an important role in the determining consequences of MSD in terms of sickness absence and health care use. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 853 shipyard employees. Data were collected by questionnaire on physical and psychosocial workload, need for re...

BACKGROUND Estimates of the extent of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are usually based upon workers' compensation reports, although recent reports indicate that there may be widespread under-reporting of MSD. METHODS An estimate of the incidence of arm and hand work-related MSD was made using capture-recapture analysis of the overlap between state workers' compensation reports and physician ...

OBJECTIVES We investigated the cause of the midsystolic drop (MSD) in left ventricular (LV) ejection velocities that are observed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and severe obstruction. BACKGROUND Dynamic obstruction is an important determinant of symptoms and adverse outcome. The MSD in velocity and flow occurs in patients with gradients >60 mm Hg. The nadir velocity in the LV occurs ...

A Magnetic Switchable Device (MSD) is a ferromagnetic circuit using permanent magnets where the flux can circulate between different paths when its configuration is changed. This routes or cancels the flux trough specific surfaces, and thus turns on or off adhesion forces. We present classic and innovative magnetic configuration to realize powerful MSD. We designed and prototyped some miniature...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether the maximum radiation dose to the patient's skin (MSD) can be estimated during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures, we investigated the relationship between the MSD and fluoroscopic time, dose-area product (DAP), and body weight, separately analyzing the relationships for different target vessels. BACKGROUND Many cases of skin injury caused by ex...

This study was conducted in an artisanal fishing community. The main health complaints included musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) attributable to working conditions. The present work found a prevalence of neck and distal upper limb MSD among the artisan fisherwomen/shellfish gatherers in Saubara, Bahia, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional cohort epidemiological study involving 209 artisanal fisher...

BACKGROUND Veterinary work is a physically demanding profession and entails the risk of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, particularly in the upper body. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), the consequences and work-related accidents in German veterinarians were investigated. Work-related and individual factors associated with MSD of upper extremities and the n...