This paper examines the relationship between household income shocks and child labor. In particular, we investigate the extent to which transitory income shocks lead to increases in child labor and whether household asset holdings mitigate the effects of these shocks. Using data from a household panel survey in Tanzania, we find that both relationships are significant. We investigate mechanisms...

Financial transfers from relatives can have a large impact on the consumption choices made by households. We develop a Stackelbergtype model wherein the parent who remained at the home location decides on the level of education the child acquires depending on the migrant’s remittances and other sources of income. In a repeated game we find equilibria in which the effect of an increase in the re...

labor right is one of rights that has been recognized for aliens by generic documents of human rights, conventions of international labor organization(ilo) and internal acts. aliens’ occupation in iran that roots in ancient age, from iran’s membership in ilo until today has moved toward evolution under influence of fundamental labor rights conventions consist of: prohibition of forced labor, no...

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Poor women with children in Ecuador were selected at random for a cash transfer equivalent to 7 percent of monthly expenditures. The transfer is greater than the increase in schooling costs at the end of primary school, but it is less than 20 percent of median child labor earnings in the labor market. Poor families with children in school at the time of the award use the extra income to postpon...

Grandparents are regular providers of free child care. Similar to other forms of child care, availability of grandparent-provided child care affects fertility and labor force participation of women positively. However, grandparent-provided child care requires residing close to parents or in-laws which may imply costly spatial restrictions. We find that mothers residing close to parents or in-la...

The Effect of Child Care and Part Time Opportunities on Participation and Fertility Decisions in Italy Economic models of household behavior typically yield the prediction that increases in schooling levels and wage rates of married women lead to increases in their labor supply and reductions in fertility. In Italy, as well as in other Southern European countries, low labor market participation...

The Effect of Child Care and Part Time Opportunities on Participation and Fertility Decisions in Italy Economic models of household behavior typically yield the prediction that increases in schooling levels and wage rates of married women lead to increases in their labor supply and reductions in fertility. In Italy, as well as in other Southern European countries, low labor market participation...

Household Choices of Child Labor and Schooling: A Simple Model with Application to Brazil This paper develops and estimates a simple structural model of household decisions regarding child labor and schooling. We argue that part of the conflicting results from the previous literature – related to the effect of improvements in economic conditions on child labor – derives from the different incom...