The purpose of this paper is to study the adoption of a new technology by a firm when the competitor comes into play at a random date that can be seen as her birth date. The presence of a competitor is thus only revealed when she invests. We show that there exists a unique Bayesian equilibrium that can be split into three stages. No firm will invest before a threshold T ∗ 1 even if she is born ...

Changes in the species composition of biotic communities may alter patterns of natural selection occurring within them. Native perennial grass species in the Intermountain West are experiencing a shift in the composition of interspecific competitors from primarily perennial species to an exotic, annual grass. Thus traits that confer an advantage to perennial grasses in the presence of novel ann...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of different biotic processes (limiting similarity, weaker competitor exclusion) and historical contingency due to priority effects are in the focus of ongoing discussions about community assembly and non-random functional trait distributions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We experimentally manipulated assembly history in a grassland biodiversity experiment (Jena Ex...

The rapid increase in production of ethanol from corn and other grains and biodiesel from various fats and oils has resulted in growing quantities of byproducts from these industries, primarily distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from the ethanol industry and glycerol from biodiesel production. The use of DDGS in poultry and swine diets is not new, but the supply of product encourages ...

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Certain models of spoken-language processing, like those for many other perceptual and cognitive processes, posit continuous uptake of sensory input and dynamic competition between simultaneously active representations. Here, we provide compelling evidence for this continuity assumption by using a continuous response, hand movements, to track the temporal dynamics of lexical activations during ...

Competition exclusion, when a single species dominates resources due to superior competitiveness, is seldom observed in nature. Termites compete for resources with deadly consequences, yet more than one species can be found feeding in the same wooden resource. This is especially surprising when drywood species, with colonies of a few hundred, are found cohabiting with subterranean species, with...

Open software is software contributing to a general goal of systems that do not depend on any one hardware or software vendor and are easily extensible by adding new software built upon the functionality of existing software. We discuss some of the defining characteristics of open software and frameworks that ease its production. These frameworks include operating systems and software supportin...

The individual roles of auxin and ethylene in controlling the growth and development of young seedlings have been well studied. In recent years, these two hormones have been shown to act synergistically to control specific growth and developmental processes, such as root elongation and root hair formation, as well as antagonistically in other processes, such as lateral root formation and hypoco...