The postures, in which a dentist sits, require over half of the body’s muscles to work to hold the body motionless while resisting gravity. The static forces resulting from these postures have been shown to be more taxing than dynamic forces. Therefore, when the supporting muscles begin to reflect fatigue, a process of pain and discomfort begins and could very well lead to musculoskeletal injur...

Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD-IV) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder due to a deficiency in the activity of the glycogen branching enzyme (GBE). A deficiency in GBE activity results in the accumulation of glycogen with fewer branching points and long, unbranched outer chains. The disorder results in a variable phenotype, including musculoskeletal, cardiac, neurological, and hepa...

Present interventions utilized in musculoskeletal rehabilitation are guided, in large part, by a biomedical model where peripheral structural injury is believed to be the sole driver of the disorder. There are, however, neurophysiological changes across different areas of the peripheral and central nervous systems, including peripheral receptors, dorsal horn of the spinal cord, brain stem, sens...