The primary role of vitamin D is regulation of calcium, phosphorus and bone metabolism. Vitamin D status assessment is based on measuring of 25 (OH) D concentrations, and disorders of vitamin D status may be manifested as a vitamin D insufficiency, vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D hypervitaminosis. It is generally accepted that values above 75 nmol / L will suffice to prevent the occurrence o...

OBJECTIVES The present study examined the association of estrogen (E2) and the inflammatory response of endothelium in coronary artery disease (CAD) by measuring circulating cellular adhesion molecules (cCAMs) in subjects with atherosclerosis. BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaque demonstrates features similar to inflammation. Endothelial cell activation by inflammatory cytokines induces expressi...

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and resultant fracture seems to be the most common skeletal disease, affecting female exclusively. Osteoporosis increases exponentially with menopause and age. Therefore the demographic data seems to be the most important & fundamental for the study of osteoporosis epidemiology. METHODS This study was to analyzed population projection from 1960 to 2060. We evaluated th...

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is associated with obesity, glucose intolerance or diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Constellation of these risk factors iscalled metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is common among postmenopausal women. Low sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels associate with an increased risk of MetS in postmenopausal women. Variations in SHBG gen...

Uric acid is a risk factor for coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women, but the association with inflammation and coronary endothelial dysfunction (CED) is not well defined. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of serum uric acid (SUA), inflammatory markers, and CED. In this prospective cohort study, SUA, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and neutrophil coun...

The malignancy risk of endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women was correlated with the presence or absence of abnormal uterine bleeding. Of 481 postmenopausal women who presented with endometrial polyps at diagnostic hysteroscopy between 2004 and 2007, 48.9% were asymptomatic and 51.1% had postmenopausal uterine bleeding. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed abnormal endometrial thickness in 60....

A group of 101 women, aged 40-65 years consisted of 48 premenopausal subjects and 53 postmenopausal ones living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area in Korea were evaluated with their general characteristics, lifestyle factors, nutrient and phytoestrogen intakes, blood and urinary indices concerning antioxidant status and bone metabolism. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic blood p...

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) in women is strongly associated with estrogen deprivation. For example, risk for CHD increases dramatically after menopause. However, the role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in CHD prevention currently is unresolved. To better understand CHD in women, the precise mechanisms by which estrogen affects circulatory function require clarification. Eviden...

UNLABELLED The aim, of this prospective study was to estimate whether the presence of endometrial fluid detected by transvaginal ultrasound investigation was a marker for the pathological changes of the endometrium in postmenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS 128 postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding and 29 asymptomatic postmenopausal women underwent transvaginal ultrasound investigatio...