What is the Problem of Universals? In this paper we take up the classic question and proceed as follows. In Sect. 1 we consider three problem solving settings and define the notion of problem solving accordingly. Basically I say that to solve problems is to eliminate undesirable, unspecified, or apparently incoherent scenarios. In Sect. 2 we apply the general observations from Sect. 1 to the Pr...

Research on the topic of resilience and potentially beneficial applications within the schools is minimal. With the characteristic of resilience being more accurately understood as a more commonly carried trait rather than being something of a phenomenon, school professionals may consider a strengths-based, resilience framework when dealing with the array of perceived “problems” that can presen...

Studies indicate that the use of multiple representations in teaching helps students become better problem solvers. We report on a study to investigate students’ difficulties with multiple representations. We conducted teaching/learning interviews with 20 students in a first semester calculus-based physics course. Each student was interviewed four times during the semester, each time after they...

1.1. Collaborative Learning Collaborative learning evolved from the work of psychologists such as Johnson and Johnson (1975) and Slavin (1987). It involves social processes by which a small group of students work together to complete an academic problem-solving task designed to promote learning. The collaborative learning concept is based on the three premises of effective learning: (1) active ...

Three experiments investigated how individuals solve “shape” problems. These problems are not susceptible to a meansends strategy. They consist of a configuration of squares, whose sides consist of separate pieces; and the task is to remove a given number of pieces to leave behind a given number of squares. The paper presents a theory of how individuals develop strategies for these problems. Ex...

In this paper we discuss how the interests and field theory promoted by public administration as a stakeholder in policy argumentation, directly arise from its problem solving activities, using the framework for public administration problem solving we proposed in [1,2]. We propose that calls for change of policy in public administration mainly arise from model-based diagnosis problem solving.

189 1 In order to improve the quality of early childhood education, the implementation of individualized instruction is very important. For its implementation, it is necessary to gather qualitative and quantitative diagnostic information about children’s developmental characteristics, learning strategies, problem solving strategies, developmental level, etc. However, kindergartens in Korea have...

A case study was undertaken to understand how a problem-based learning environment can be designed for undergraduates such that collaborative behaviors between and among peers and instructor are maximized, face to face as well as online. Using constructivist learning theory we examined where students gain their confidence when solving problems, what role peers and instructors had in facilitatin...