Multi-valued logic gates, which can handle quaternary numbers as inputs, are developed by exploiting the ballistic transport properties of quantum point contacts in series. The principle of a logic gate that finds the minimum of two quaternary number inputs is demonstrated. The device is scalable to allow multiple inputs, which makes it possible to find the minimum of multiple inputs in a singl...

Four-level (quaternary) signalling in optical communication systems is investigated and the optimisation of quaternary signal level spacing is carried out considering signalamplified spontaneous emission beat noise dominance. The optimised quaternary signal is propagated through an optical dispersive fibre and sensitivity improvements can be found for shorter transmission distances and non-zero...

This paper evaluate the multilevel modulation for different techniques such as amplitude shift keying (M-ASK), MASK, differential phase shift keying (M-ASK-Bipolar), Quaternary Amplitude Shift Keying (QASK) and Quaternary Polarization-ASK (QPol-ASK) at a total bit rate of 107Gbps. The aim is to find a costeffective very high speed transport solution. Numerical investigation was performed using ...

The entanglement-assisted (EA) formalism is a generalization of the standard stabilizer formalism, and it can transform classical linear quaternary codes into entanglement-assisted quantum error correcting codes (EAQECCs) by using of shared entangled qubits between the sender and the receiver. In this work, we give elementary recursive constructions of special quaternary codes of length n and d...

This paper summarises the use of digital remotely sensed data for Quaternary deposits mapping in central Sweden. Landsat TM scene of the beginning of May 1985 was applied. Only six groups of quaternary deposits were distinguished. The classification accuracy of the resultant map was about 50 % in average. Comparison was done with the existing map of Quaternary deposits.

The synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1beta-methylcarbapenems with quaternary ammonium groups at the C-2 position have been studied. Two types of new carbapenem derivatives have been synthesized. These 1beta-methylcarbapenems, one type having a (2S,4S)-2-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]pyrrolidinio-4-+ ++ylthio group and the other type having a (2S,4S)-2-(4-carbamoylmethyl-4-methy...

a new hybrid nanomaterial was developed by immobilization of phosphomolybdate anions on the surface of modified magnetite nanoparticles with quaternary phosphonium cations. silica coated magnetic nanoparticles supported phosphonium cations, ph3p+-scmnps, were prepared by covalent attachment of chloropropylsilyl groups on the surface of silica coated magnetite nanoparticles and next reaction wit...