abstract while task-based instruction is considered as the most effective way to learn a language in the related literature, it is oversimplified on various grounds. different variables may affect how students are engaged with not only the language but also with the task itself. the present study was conducted to investigate language and task related engagement on the basis of the task typolog...

amd بیماری تحلیل شبکیه است که عامل اصلی کوری در افراد بالای 55 سال در جهان غرب به شمار می-رود. در اثر این بیماری، لیپوپروتئین ها در شبکیه تجمع پیدا کرده و رگ زایی القاء می شود. ثابت شده است که عوامل ژنوتوکسیک محیطی مثل سیگار کشیدن، رژیم غذایی و نور در افراد پیر با زمینه ی ژنتیکی مستعد در بروز بیماری دخیل می باشند. بنابراین ما یک مطالعه ی مـورد- شاهـدی را ترتیب دادیم که شـامل 112 فرد مبتلا به am...

بیماری age-related macular degeneration (amd) یکی از دلایل کم بینایی و نابینایی در بیماران بالاتر از 65 سال در جوامع پیشرفته می‏باشد. پیشرفت بیماری آهسته و با افزایش سن اتفاق می‏افتد و به طور تدریجی می‏تواند باعث نابینایی در یک یا دو چشم شود. یکی از مهمترین دلایل ایجاد این بیماری استرس اکسیداتیو ناشی از عوامل محیطی مانند دود سیگار، اشعه x،u.v.، فشار و گرما است که این عوامل باعث افزایش سطح ros ش...

ماکروفاژها از سلولهای مهم سیستم ایمنی در پاسخ به عوامل بیماریزای مختلف از جمله ویروس هرپس سیمپلکس یک 1- ‏‎hsv0 هستند و عوامل موثر بر فعالیت آنها می توانند در سرنوشت بیماری موثر باشند. در این مطالعه اثر نوروپپتیدهای ‏‎substance p(sp)‎‏ و‏‎calcitonin gene related-peptide‎‏ (‏‎cgrp‎‏) که تحت شرایطی مثل استرس و التهاب از رشته های عصبی حسی آزاد می شوند و دارای گیرنده فعال بر روی ماکروفاژها می باشند ...

abstract this study examines the relationship between reading anxiety and difficulty of texts as well as the relationship between reading anxiety and students perceived difficulty of the texts. since difficulty is a relative concept, i limited its definition by sticking to the readability formula. we also took students perceived difficulty levels into account. therefore, in the present study, ...

the present study aimed at investigating the relationship between iranian efl teachers’ classroom management orientations and their teaching styles. additionally, the difference between male and female teachers’ teaching styles and classroom management orientations and their relationship with experience and age were explored. three hundred efl teachers filled in attitudes and beliefs on classro...

abstract the present study was conducted to examine the effect of proficiency on students interaction while carrying out the grammar-based task(s) in collaboration. in particular, the study examines whether the level of proficiency affects the learners’ focus of attention to grammatical and lexical features. the study takes a further step and examines whether there is any difference in the use...

as the canon is shaped by white male standards rewriting the canonical works of literature is one of the ways through which postcolonial writers subvert the authority of the masters. writing in the language of the masters the colonized writers use the very suppressive tool in the hands of the masters i.e. their language to question the validity of their norms. regarded by most critics to be the...

as far as bandura’s (1977) conceptualization of the sense of self-efficacy is concerned, it is argued to be context- and even task-specific, compared to other concepts like self-esteem (brown, 2000); therefore, upon the previous research studies, related theories and definitions, and the ideas and views obtained from the interviews conducted with the scholars, the current research study aimed a...