The livelihoods of Chinese rural households are undergoing a transformation amid urbanization. While participation in the urban economy has improved rural living standards, rural income has consistently lagged behind urban income, and a broader prosperity gap persists between urban and rural areas. How to increase rural income and reduce the rural-urban gap remains a major challenge for the Chi...

Abstract The scale of climate migration across the Global South is expected to increase during this century. By 2050, millions Africans are likely consider, or be pushed into, because hazards contributing agricultural disruption, water and food scarcity, desertification, flooding, drought, coastal erosion, heat waves. However, migration-climate nexus complex, as question whether can considered ...

human settlements experience continual change. in recent years, many rural areas have experienced dispersed grow (rural sprawl) and population declines in traditional village centers (hollowing). these paradoxical phenomena have occurred in most developing countries, including rural iran. this study examines this phenomena in three iranian villages of kahak area of qom province, and develops a ...

the theory of urban ecology is based on explaining urban spatial structure, studying and describing the reciprocal relationship between human societies in the urban areas and the environment, as well as analyzing the circumstances of urban population segregation and production of everyday life spaces. to study and explain urban ecological structure of mashhad, the case study of the article, we ...

the natural result of the application of modernization approach in developing countries is the formation and development of large-scale migration from rural to urban areas. this has changed the sex structure of population in a number of rural settlements in the country. as the current situation maintains, it is clear that women will be the main beneficiaries of the development plans in rural ar...

BACKGROUND Millions of people move from rural areas to urban areas in China to pursue new opportunities while leaving their spouses and children at rural homes. Little is known about the impact of migration-related separation on mental health of these rural migrants in urban China. METHODS Survey data from a random sample of rural-to-urban migrants (n = 1113, aged 18-45) from Wuhan were analy...

The author attempts to formalize the role of push and pull factors in rural-urban migration and urban unemployment in Pakistan. Based on the Harris-Todaro framework, a model is developed that also includes perpetual indebtedness of the peasantry and a monopolistic moneylender. The analysis indicates that measures to control such migration could fail because the moneylender siphons off part of...

OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in overweight and obesity between first-generation Dutch-Ghanaian migrants in The Netherlands and their rural and urban counterparts in Ghana. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS A total of 1471 Ghanaians (rural Ghanaians, n 532; urban Ghanaians, n 787; Dutch-Ghanaians, n 152) aged > or = 17 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overweight (BMI > or = 25 kg/...

The paper aims to examine the population ageing as a new phenomenon effecting rural areas in Iran. Population ageing is going up throughout the country especially in the rural areas by 6.8 percent. fertility decline, increase in the youth migration to cities, and coming back to rural areas after retiring are the major factors which involve in rural ageing. This may jeopardize the communities. f...