In light of the strategic and economic importance of steelmaking it is almost inevitable that governments will become involved in the industry's affairs. The task facing the historian of the industry is to explain the nature and consequences of this involvement. Steven Tolliday used the term "institutional impactedness" to describe government-business relations in interwar Britain [17]. After 1...

Rare earth metals are used in semiconductors, solar cells and catalysts. This review focuses on the background of oxide metallurgy technologies, the chemical and physical properties of rare earth (RE) metals, the background of oxide metallurgy, the functions of RE metals in steelmaking, and the influences of RE metals on steel microstructures. Future prospects for RE metal applications in steel...

Henry Marion Howe was one of the first to apply modern scientific methods to improve understanding of the art of steelmaking. After spending hours carefully observing details of plant operation, he was not afraid to express controversial opinions, and he created ideas that had practical impact on real steelmaking and casting processes. In the same spirit as Howe’s thought-provoking landmark pap...

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Over the past decades, the steel production has increased and, consequently, the higher volumes of by-products and residues generated have driven to the reuse of these materials in an increasingly efficient way. In recent years new technologies have been expanded, and some of them are still under developing, in order to improve the recovery rates of slags. On this subject material separation te...

The electric arc furnace (EAF) has the potential to significantly contribute decarbonization of iron and steel industry. However, during EAF steelmaking, carbon still needs be injected into molten slag initiate foaming, which is beneficial energy efficiency protection furnace. To move away from fossil carbon, biocarbon gained attention as an injection agent. In this study, two biochar candidate...