BACKGROUND The human female reproductive tract (FRT) is constantly deal with the invading pathogens. Recognition of these pathogens is attributed to the family of Toll like receptors (TLR) as a major part of the innate immune system. We and others have previously revealed that TLRs1-6 express in the female reproductive tract. However, more studies should be done to detect TLRs 7-10 in the femal...

background cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. recent studies show that human papillomavirus (hpv) dna is present in all cervical carcinomas and in some cervicitis cases, with some geographical variation in viral subtypes. therefore determination of the presence of hpv in the general population of each region can help reveal the role of these viruses in tumors. ...

the present study evaluate the histopathologic findings and clinical indications in hysterectomized patients based on sonographic assessments. this study population consisted of all patients who were referred to the pathology ward of imam reza educational and treatment center (kermanshah, iran) during march 2006 to may 2012. the samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin after fixation in form...

Decidual NK (dNK) cells are present during uterine spiral artery remodelling, an event that is crucial for successful placentation and the provision of an adequate blood supply to the developing fetus. Spiral artery remodelling is impaired in the pregnancy complication pre-eclampsia. Although dNK cells are known to play active roles at the maternal-fetal interface, little is known about their e...

We carried out a prospective randomized trial on 220 couples with nontubal factor infertility to compare pregnancy rates and implantation rates after zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) and uterine embryo transfer (UET). The zygote was transferred by laparoscopy into the fallopian tube 24 hours after oocyst retrieval. UET was performed 72 hours after retrieval with abdominal sonography guide....

The regulation of human implantation is still unknown. Evidence from mice suggests an essential role for several paracrine mediators but species differences with implantation in the human preclude the extrapolation of these concepts to humans. An intrauterine microdialysis device (IUMD), consisting of microdialysis tubing glued into a balloon catheter on one side and into a polypropylene tube o...