A dynamic price model based on supply and demand with application to techno-economic assessments of rare earth element recovery technologies

Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are essential for sustainable energy technologies. Techno-economic Assessments (TEAs) have been conducted to evaluate innovative approaches recover REEs from waste streams. However, most TEA studies do not consider the price volatility of REEs, which raises concern over reliability analysis in an unpredictable dynamic market. To address this shortcoming, a model is proposed that adjusts REE based upon supply-demand conditions. The market behavior simulated and its effect on examined via case study. results simulation indicate growing trend materials/products. Compared conventional does dynamics, significant difference economic performance metrics identified results. method limited specific application can provide insights evaluating broad range