A lightweight aramid-based structural composite with ultralow thermal conductivity and high-impact force dissipation

•Lightweight aramid-based structural material against impact and thermal hazards•Structure hardening, interlayer sliding, intralayer cracking dissipate force•Microvoids ANF scaffolds enable excellent insulation heat resistance•AFSG outperforms conventional protective materials in anti-impact Safety protection for apparatus/personnel mechanical damage harsh environments requires sensible design of materials. Conventional safeguard architectures have difficulty defending these complex threats. Herein, through an ingenious infiltration lamination approach, commercial aramid fabrics are processed into a lightweight laminated composite with void-filler coexistence structure. This is proven to ultralow conductivity owing the presence microvoids that weaken conduction convection. It can also attenuate wide range forces by along failures sliding cracking. Such perfect coordination between dissipation innovates multifunctional defense design, allowing this be candidate next-generation applications transportation, military, aerospace fields. Material designs safety increasingly important due ubiquitous hazard. Recent biomimetic achieve extraordinary safeguards but exhibit single-defense function, which remains formidable challenge mechanical-thermal-coupled protection. (AFSG) shear stiffening gel (SSG)-filled nanofiber (ANF) aerogel structure developed lamination. Benefiting from voids-SSG construction achieved retaining massive densified networks, AFSG exhibits (0.09 W m−1 k−1) high-impact force dissipation. Specifically, inside greatly block transfer temperature (–120 300°C). 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In work, we devise pore-remaining filling jointly scaffolds, filler, voids (Figure 1B ). aligned prepared unidirectional freeze-casting chosen hierarchical networks.31Ferraro Garcia-Tunon Rocha V.G. Barg Farinas M.D. Alvarez-Arenas T.E.G. Sernicola Giuliani Saiz Light SiC networks.Adv. 2016; 26: 1636-1645https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201504051Crossref (94) serves load-bearing constituent fill while randomly distributed voids. The finally orthogonally (AFSG, namely infiltrated SSG, 0.46 g simultaneously beyond cushioning Dual-protection drawn resultant construction. First, filled facilitates stress enhancement compression. layout bonded guides manner crack excessive energy, ensuring broad damage. Second, direction, stable hinder ablation, enabling (−120 300°C) well robust (negligible morphological change after heating 300°C 30 min). Because performance, possess lightweight, multifunctional, preparation involved freeze-casting, infiltrating orthogonal laminating 1A). dark red dispersion deprotonation dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. Then, transferred deionized gelation S1A, left), DMSO removed thoroughly, intermolecular hydrogen bonds ANF.20Liu hydrogel contacted cold source (copper plate, −70°C) cooled liquid nitrogen middle). Driven hydrogel, large number crystals grew perpendicular occupied space homogenous squeezing anisotropic 1A, left). After freeze-drying −50°C 10 Pa 48 h, gradually sublimated 2A SSG-ethanol oriented thoroughly pores middle, Figure S1C, where self-supporting provided effective restraint filler. compounding pieces same were 80°C densify remove residual ethanol right, right). had pale yellow appearance 1C) did cross-section 2G). worth noting not all filled, part microblocks squeezed out solvent (ethanol) during process, leading existence cores S3F). able both (Eimpact) (Ethermal) 1B). typical contained flexible molecular chains, whose hydroxyl groups formed carbonyl achieving adhesion cores. importantly, abundant dynamic crosslinking (B-O bonds) connect entangled chains web,30Zhao enabled macroscopic hardening subjected energy. Besides tended process 1E).21Yin fashions absorb On other hand, played vital role As shown bottom half 1D, microsize enclosed eliminate direction. Heat input surrounding parts weakened (0.023 void parts,32Su Niu Cai B.G. Huyan Pan Anisotropic [email protected]2 stability superinsulation.Sci. eaay6689https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay6689Crossref (108) difference adjacent scaffolds. will discussed below. Harnessing microstructure highly multi-lamellae 2A). Figures 2B, S2A, S2B 36 cm−3. 2A, top view blue frame validated honeycomb welded multiple rectangular pentagonal shapes equivalent diameters 100–300 μm S2C). enlarged image right) reveals single wall overlaid multilayer nanoflakes (red arrows represent edge nanoflakes), acted basic skeleton capacities whole aerogel. long-range green frames) crystals’ growth direction kept similar spacing up 3 cm S2B), reflecting feasibility large-scale freeze-casting. quasi-static investigated 2C). trajectories 20% 60% strain. initial (22.3 kPa) increased hysteresis area stemmed elastoplastic required enough deformation force. Two 80°C. underwent severe collapse distortion stacking S3C) exhibited compact network 2D) containing S3C). S4A smooth homogeneous SSG. intrinsic cold-flow feature, collapsed flat shape time S7A, right).30Zhao Typically, thickness 63% 210 min S7B). creep test characteristic S4B). strains slowly rose constant stresses hardly changed s. 2E Video S1 modes cylindrical stretched manually different intensities. Apparently, mild speed extend tens times length breaking, whereas stretching led brittle fracture impedance B-O crosslinks chains.33Zhang Y.P. Ding Conductive thickening gel/polyurethane sponge: motion detection sensor safeguarding performance.Compos. Part. A-Appl. 112: 197-206https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.06.007Crossref (33) rheological 2F). key parameter, (G′), ability store significantly, 323 283 kPa frequency 0.1 100 Hz, suggesting prominent effect. Meanwhile, shearing stage, damping factor maximum value 27 rate, meant energy-dissipation With increasing frequency, friction movement hindrance crosslinks, more noticeably.33Zhang elastomeric factor. eyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiI3YmFjMjA1OGQ2ZGYzZTEzMDNkZDI2YTNmMjI4YTI4ZSIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjg4OTU0NDEzfQ.ff6MLHuobgPJastLOyjgXHIpe5aBuEIiUbi6Vpgd9-f0Qf4A_hBFp0JlDui4s7TPnv1xZowfjUwISI_kjfZC2eSE2HCMJJ4Z1HIkuC2BBSqqXgTcJcIcF0ZqCITt1EhSXK5Ql8b0ZflB137ohsoyEGkUNEq7tnHonWn4w-VpfjCKrg2Bo0LfYgWtu-0RIbZcNNwVIkGQoozX-IpPnPCYVn37f6D3RA7GYFCj8S6fxEJl2wFL1WSGP61fhqPQp6LdWSaZWSFk45xJjdlmrdWNrqj51NgiLG6d0ERqHchas3rVj4pq6Xv5yfZ6tX7GwzhJtxJJ1N3N2gztM7RUHSffKg Download .mp4 (13.31 MB) Help files S1. Rate-dependent behavior Derived though networks. SSG-infiltrated laminated, walls became distorted, microblock condensation, forming 2G, addition, freezing got closer each thicker absorbing S5). cross-sectional revealed pair functioned glue tightly bind dotted line EDS maps S6) verified even distribution N, B, Si, O elements 2H). long-term S