A novel hybrid isogeometric element based on two-field Hellinger–Reissner principle to alleviate different types of locking

In the present work, novel hybrid elements are proposed to alleviate locking anomaly in non-uniform rational B-spline-based isogeometric analysis (IGA) using a two-field Hellinger–Reissner variational principle. The derived by adopting independent interpolation schemes for displacement and stress fields. key highlight of study is choice evaluation higher-order terms function provide locking-free solution. Furthermore, demonstrates efficacy with treatment several two-dimensional linear-elastic benchmark problems alongside conventional single-field IGA, Lagrangian-based finite element (FEA), FEA formulation. It shown that class performs effectively analyzing nearly incompressible problem domains severely affected volumetric along thin plate shell where shear dominant. A better coarse mesh accuracy method comparison formulation demonstrated through various numerical examples. Moreover, not restricted locking-dominated but can also be implemented solve general form without any special treatment. Thus, robust, most efficient, highly effective against both locking.