Advances in pea breeding and genomics: From traditional techniques to modern approaches

Peas, a highly valued annual legume vegetable with rich history of domestication, are grown globally as valuable export-oriented cash crop. Despite an increase in cultivation area and production, there has been only slight improvement green pea productivity, from 7.7 to 7.8 t/ha, over the last two decades. The primary focus for genetic peas is developing resistance various biotic stressors, including diseases such powdery mildew, downy rust, wilt, viral infections, bacterial blight, well pests like leaf miners, aphids, pod borers, stem flies. Traditional breeding approaches have played significant role peas, resulting development several cultivars segments; however, advanced techniques marker-assisted selection, genomic genome editing hold great promise enhancing by facilitating identification selection desirable traits, abiotic improved yield, increased nutrient content, through introduction precise modifications. By targeting specific regions associated desired these can efficiency precision programs, ultimately leading more resilient productive varieties