Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of Highly Nonplanar Raised and Drooped Wings

Aircraft wings are commonly designed with nonplanar geometry, such as winglets, in order to improve aerodynamic efficiency. This work presents a method for generating wing designs through gradient-based optimization, which is then used investigate the performance characteristics of wings. The parameterization defined give large design space that allows formation highly features and permits changes geometry. Aerodynamic captured using an inviscid three-dimensional panel approximations viscous drag. methodology demonstrated by optimizing reference from literature comparing performance. Investigations also performed on impact when raised or drooped, differences behavior between two designs. Results suggest converged their dependent how geometry restricted. If provided, both drooped able produce similar only analysis considered. When accounting effects, results not beneficial drag reduction.