An Eagle Strategy Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Frequency Stability Enhancement Considering High Renewable Power Penetration and Time-Varying Load

This study proposes a new optimization technique, known as the eagle strategy arithmetic algorithm (ESAOA), to address limitations of original called (AOA). ESAOA is suggested enhance implementation AOA. It includes an avoid premature convergence and increase populations’ efficacy reach optimum solution. The improved utilized fine-tune parameters fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) PID controllers for supporting frequency stability hybrid two-area multi-sources power system. Here, each area composites combination conventional plants (i.e., thermal-hydro-gas) renewable energy sources wind farm solar farm). Furthermore, superiority proposed has been validated based on 23 benchmark functions. Then, FOPID-based verified through comparison its performance with other controller performances PID-based AOA, ESAOA, teaching learning-based TLBO) under different operating conditions. system nonlinearities, uncertainties, high penetration, control time delay considered ensure effectiveness FOPID ES-AOA algorithm. All simulation results elucidate that domination in favor enhancing effectually will guarantee reliable performance.