An Empirical Examination of Patent Hold-Up

Injunctions, Hold-Up, and Patent Royalties

This paper studies royalty negotiations between a patent holder and a downstream firm selling a product which is more valuable if it includes a feature covered by the patent. Royalties are negotiated in the shadow of patent litigation, which will determine whether or not the patent is valid and infringed. If the two firms negotiate after the downstream firm has already designed its product to i...

How Are Patent Cases Resolved? An Empirical Examination of the Adjudication and Settlement of Patent Disputes

Different Rules of Legal-cost Allocation and Patent Hold-up

We study how different rules for allocating litigation costs impact on royalty negotiation when a non-practicing patent holder asserts its patent against a product developer. A theoretical framework is proposed which distinguishes between three legal cost allocation systems: the American system, where each party bears its own costs, the British system, where the loser incurs all costs, and the ...

Does Licensing Resolve Hold Up in the Patent Thicket?

In a patent thicket licensing provides a mechanism to either avoid or resolve hold up. We study the choice between ex ante licensing to avoid hold up and ex post licensing to resolve it. Firms’ choice of licensing contract is studied in the context of a patent portfolio race. We show that high expected blocking leads to ex ante licensing while ex post licensing arises if expected blocking is lo...

an examination of developmental dyslexia among iranian efl second graders

چکیده رساله/پایان نامه: این تحقیق جهت بررسی تاثیر نارسا خوانی در یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه در میان دانش اموزان ایرانی مقطع دوم راهنمایی طراحی شده است. ده نفر از دانش اموزان ایرانی مقطع دوم راهنمایی و ده نفر از دانش اموزان غیر نارسا خوان همان مقطع برای انجام این تحقیق انتخاب شدند. تمام شرکت کنندگان توسط ازمون زبان انگلیسی ای که برای این هدف ساخته شده و متشکل از بخشهای خواندن ام...