An extended surface target for high-frequency multibeam echo sounder calibration

High-frequency multibeam echo-sounder measurements of seafloor backscatter in shallow water: Part 1 – Data acquisition and processing

Methods for processing multibeam echo-sounder (MBES) bathymetry data are well established, however, there is no universal and established approach to processing and interpretation of MBES backscatter data. The aim of this paper is to (1) detail the different backscatter logging methods implemented in modern high-frequency MBES systems used primarily in shallow water; (2) describe and suggest ap...

SAR Processing of Radar Echo Sounder Data

In 1991, NASA initiated a research program for testing airborne laser and radar altimeters for measuring surface elevation of the Greenland ice sheet in conjunction with a coordinated set of surface measurements for validating and interpreting satellite data sets. In 1993, the airborne program was expanded to include the University of Kansas airborne radio echo sounder for acquiring ice thickne...

Operational High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) Calibration Algorithms and Their Effects on Calibration Accuracy

Power-Budget Equations and Calibration Factors for Fish Abundance Estimation Using Scientific Echo Sounder and Sonar Systems

Abstract: Acoustic methods used in fish abundance estimation constitute a key part of the analytic assessment that makes the basis for abundance estimation of marine resources. The methods rely on power-budget equations and calibrated systems. Different formulations of power-budget equations and calibration factors have been proposed for use in scientific echo sounder and sonar systems. There a...

Simulation of radar sounder echo from lunar surface layer and detection of lunar subsurface structure

In lunar exploration, spaceborne high frequency (HF) radar sounder is an effective tool for investigation of lunar subsurface structure in lunar exploration [1] [2]. The primary strategy for radar sounder detection of subsurface structure is through the time delay and intensity difference of the lunar surface and subsurface nadir echoes (Figure 1). It is important to fully understand electromag...