An organic artificial spiking neuron for in situ neuromorphic sensing and biointerfacing

Abstract The effective mimicry of neurons is key to the development neuromorphic electronics. However, artificial are not typically capable operating in biological environments, which limits their ability interface with components and offer realistic neuronal emulation. Organic based on conventional circuit oscillators have been created, but they require many elements for implementation. Here we report an organic neuron that a compact nonlinear electrochemical element. can operate liquid sensitive concentration species (such as dopamine or ions) its surroundings. system offers situ operation spiking behaviour biologically relevant environments—including typical physiological pathological ranges (5–150 mM)—and ion specificity. Small-amplitude (1–150 mV) oscillations noise electrolytic medium shape dynamics, whereas changes ionic (≥2% over baseline) biomolecular (≥ 0.1 mM dopamine) concentrations modulate excitability. We also create biohybrid interfaces functions synergistically real time epithelial cell membranes.